This chapter emphasizes 2 points. First, no identified intrinsically new technological or functional characteristics distinguish a hulless from a covered-seeded oat. Second, as the agronomic deficiencies of the old hulless oat cultivars and genetic stocks are overcome through breeding, the opportunity arises for a whole new roster of small-scale enterpreneurs to expand the markets for and uses of oats. Breeding, commercial production and uses in food and animal feeds and non-food uses of hulless oats are discussed.