The growing of winter crop species results in benefits on soil characteristics, and can present economic advantages. Thus, it is important to introduce winter species that, besides straw, produce grains to increase the performance and the sustainability of agricultural activity. The objective of this research was to evaluate, in three growing seasons, the agronomic and economic performance of maize crop grown in succession to five winter cover crops and/or for grain production, cultivated under two rates of side dressing N fertilization. The experiment was carried out in the growing seasons of 2003/04, 2004/05 and 2005/06, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. In the three years, the treatments consisted of irrigated maize crop grown in succession to five winter cover crops species and to a control without cover crop. The maize cost production in succession to common vetch is lower than in succession to black oat and to wild radish. Comparing the winter cover crops for grain production, the gross income was higher when wheat was grown in relation to oat. The economic advantages of the use of wild radish and common vetch as previous crops to irrigated maize in relation to the poaceae species are only evident under conditions of low N availability in the soil.
