In order to investigate the yield and yield components of mixed cropping of potato and safflower, as compared to those of the pure cropping, a study was carried out using factorial experiment with completely randomized block design and with three replications. This study was done in experiment field of University of Mohagheg Ardabili in the solar year 2010. The investigated treatments included potato pure cropping in the fixed density of 6 plants pre m 2, safflower pure cropping with the densities of 6, 12 and 18 plants per m 2, and the intercropping of potato (6 plants pre m 2 density) with safflower in the densities of 6,12 and 18 plants per m 2. The variance analysis of potato traits in both the intercropping and pure cropping indicated that, except from the number of stems pre m 2, other studied traits; including the number of tubes per plant, the tube weight per plant and the tube yield statistically differed meaningfully with each other. Moreover the results showed that all the studied traits including the number of receptacles pre plant, the number of seeds per receptacle, seed weight in the receptacle and seed yield, in terms of statistic figures differed with each other noticeably. In order to assess the efficiency of the intercropping, the indexes of LER and RVT were utilized. These indices proved that, almost in all cases, the intercropping is superior to the pure cropping. In this study the highest rates of LER and RVT (1/35 and 1/32 respectively), concerned the intercropping of safflower and potato with densities of 12 plants per m 2 and 6 plants per m 2 respectively.
