Notes are given on the role of conservation production in the reduction of greenhouse gases. Responses of soil carbon to agricultural practices, the introduction of agriculture to native vegetation, and conversion of cultivated land to perennial vegetation are discussed. The effects of tillage, integration of residues, mulching and cover crops are also considered. Emissions and capture of carbon dioxide in rough pampas are described, with reference to continuous agriculture, conservation production and potential for capture of carbon by conservation production systems.