This paper summarizes the harmful pests and pathogens infecting cereals and legumes (grown for grain, industrial purposes and fodder production) in Romania in 2005. The soil and seed pathogens include: Tilletia spp. and Fusarium spp. in wheat; Ustilago nuda [ U. segetum var. nuda] and Pyrenophora graminea in barley; Pythium spp. and Fusarium spp. in maize; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Plasmopara helianthi [ Plasmopara halstedii] and Orobanche cumana in sunflower; and Fusarium spp. and Pythium spp. in pea, bean and soyabean. Foliar and ear diseases include: Erysiphe spp., Septoria spp., Pyrenophora graminea, Puccinia spp. and Fusarium spp. in wheat and barley; U. maydis [ U. zeae], Helminthosporium turcicum [ Setosphaeria turcica], Fusarium spp. and Nigrospora oryzae [ Khuskia oryzae] in maize; Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria spp. and Phomopsis spp. in sunflower; and Erysiphe spp. and Septoria spp. in rape. Soil pests included: Zabrus tenebrioides and Agriotes spp. in spiked cereals; Tanymecus dilaticollis and Agriotes spp. in maize and sunflower; Delia platura in beans; Phyllotreta atra in rape and mustard; Aphthona euphorbiae in linseed; and Sitona spp. and Agriotes spp. in lucerne and clover. Pests that attack aerial parts and seeds include: Eurygaster integriceps, Lema melanopa [ Oulema melanopus] and Anisoplia spp. in wheat, barley and oats; Ostrinia nubilalis and Diabrotica virgifera virgifera in maize; Thrips linarius in linseed; Athalia rosae, Meligethes aeneus and Brevicoryne brassicae in rape and mustard; Hypera variabilis [ H. postica], Semiothisa clathrata, Bruchophagus roddi and Subcoccinella vigintiquattuorpunctata in lucerne and clover.
