Climatic change affects cotton (Gossypium sp.) yield, photosynthesis, weeds and pest occurrence. Farmers should reduce inorganic inputs utilization to reduce the environmental effects of fertilizers and pesticides. N-fixing Azotobacter and Azospirillum, legumes rotation, application of slow-release N fertilizers, adoption of drip-fertigation, incorporation of cotton stalk could reduce fertilizer usage. The application of FYM, greengram ( Vigna radiata), Gliricidia sp. and sunnhemp ( Crotolaria juncea [ Crotalaria juncea]) as green manure recorded 15-32% increase in yield. Different cotton species should be planted on different environments. G. arboreum is suitable for environments with low and erratic rainfall with drought situations. G. herbaceum is salt tolerant. The available drought tolerant G. hirsutum genotypes, namely 'LRA 5166', 'KC 2' and 'AKH 081' may show better adaptation. The risk and uncertainty imposed by climatic change could be managed by adoption of location-specific intercropping and multi-tier cropping systems. In situ soil moisture conservation techniques include contour binding, graded, narrow or broad ridges or beds separated by furrows, ridges and furrow, opening of furrow after every rows of cotton, black polythene mulch, and spreads of crop residue were useful.
