Soil, water, and air quality can be positively impacted by alternative crop residue management practices that return residue to the soil. Double-crop production systems, particularly those with a grass included in the rotation, rely on successful residue management practices. Soil quality and overall soil tilth are often low in regions with a long history of intensely cultivated, row-crop production, such as in the Mississippi River Delta region of the mid-South. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of alternative residue (i.e., tillage, residue burning, and residue level) and water management practices on soil properties, soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production, and net economic returns, over two consecutive rotations in a wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) - soybean double-crop system in the Mississippi River ? region of eastern Arkansas. Initiated in 2001, this study reports results from years 4 and 5 of the experiment. Residue management effects were inconsistent among soil properties and years, and differences were generally agronomically non-significant. Averaged across irrigation treatments, soybean yield was unaffected by tillage, burning, and residue level either year. Within the non-irrigated treatment, conventionally tilled (CT) soybean yield was 38% greater ( p
