The results from analyzing the comparative superiority of main agricultural products in Hunan province by using the comparative superiority index method show that the agricultural products with obvious comparative superiority are rice, cotton, soybean, tobacco and tea, which depend on their large-scale superiority, and the agricultural products with inferior position are maize, sorghum and wheat. The market competitive power is weak because the efficiency superiority of various agricultural products is not obvious essentially. The paper puts forward the measures including maintaining the market superiority of the agricultural products with obvious comparative superiority and improving the quality of the agricultural products with significant comparative inferiority to overall promote the market competitive power of Hunan province's agricultural products.