Oilseed flax ( Linum usitatissimum L.) yields are primarily fertilizer-limited, especially by N supply in the semiarid regions of North China. This study was conducted to determine whether N accumulation, translocation and N use efficiency (NUE) could be manipulated through N. The effects of N on N translocation, oilseed flax yield, oil content and NUE were studied at Zhangjiakou, China. Plants were grown at 0, 45, 90, and 135 kg N ha -1 (designated as the control, low N, moderate N, and high N, respectively), in 2011 and 2012. We found that N accumulation in leaves and capsule pericarps reached the maximum at anthesis and kernel developmental stage, respectively, then decreased rapidly before maturity. Averaged over 2 yr, N translocation from leaves to the seeds increased by 43, 150, and 150% under low N, moderate N, and high N, respectively, compared to the control; similarly, N translocation in capsule pericarps increased by 43, 243, and 190%, respectively. We discovered that leaves contributed the largest proportion of the seed N (averaging 80% in both years), and secondarily by the capsule pericarp N, which contributed 12% (in 2011) and 9% (in 2012) of the seed N. The highest seed yields were 2270 kg ha -1 (in 2011) and 1903 kg ha -1 (in 2012) which were obtained with the moderate N. Oil content was not affected by N. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased with progressively higher rates of N. The results suggest the moderate-N supply was adequate for promoting N translocation, and increasing N harvest index, NUE, and the productivity of oilseed flax.
