• Authors:
    • Castoldi, G.
    • Gobbi, F.
    • Pivetta, L.
    • Costa, L.
    • Steiner, F.
    • Costa, M.
    • Tremea, A.
  • Source: Central theme, technology for all: sharing the knowledge for development. Proceedings of the International Conference of Agricultural Engineering, XXXVII Brazilian Congress of Agricultural Engineering, International Livestock Environment Symposium - ILES V
  • Year: 2008
  • Summary: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of two soil tillage systems (rotation and succession crops) and three fertilizations (mineral, organic and organomineral) in the wheat yield, under no-tillage system. The assay was conducted in the Experimental Station Prof. Dr. Antonio Carlos dos Santos Pessoa, located at the Nucleo of Experimental Station belonging to West Parana State University - Marechal Candido Rondon. In the winter of the 2006 was cropping the wheat in the plots in succession crops and black oat+radish+hairy vetch in the plots in rotation crops. The wheat received the mineral, organic and organomineral fertilization, while the cover crops weren't fertilized. In the summer was cropping corn in all the plots, receiving the three kind of fertilization. In the winter of the 2007 was cropping wheat in all the plots, receiving again the three kind of fertilization. The plant high and the weight of 100 grains weren't affected by the management systems and fertilizations. The succession system (wheat/corn/wheat) showed superior yield than the rotation system (green manure/corn/wheat). The organic manure showed superior hectoliter weight than mineral fertilization.
  • Authors:
    • Finger, J.
    • Gobbi, F.
    • Souza, J.
    • Conti, C.
    • Fey, E.
    • Vanin, J.
  • Source: Central theme, technology for all: sharing the knowledge for development. Proceedings of the International Conference of Agricultural Engineering, XXXVII Brazilian Congress of Agricultural Engineering, International Livestock Environment Symposium - ILES V
  • Year: 2008
  • Summary: The soil tillage is one of the most important agricultural operations, when used crops which the root depends system directly from the physical conditions of the soil. Aiming higher soil conservation, the use of plants of covering becomes an alternative to the maintenance of soil moisture and aggregates, improving too, characteristics such as resistance to penetration. The objective of the present work was evaluate properties of the soil and cultivation of cassava on different tillages and plants of covering. The experiment was conducted in the western region of Parana in Latosol red eutrophic. The experimental design was completely randomized in split plot, and 6 main plots of soil management systems: disk plow, chisel plow and offset disk harrow (followed by an offset leveling) in the months of April and August. The sub-plots were formed by plants of covering oat, Forage turnip and Without crop. The tillages with disk plow and chisel plow in August showed greater depth of furrow and seed cuttings of cassavas. Behavior similar happened to the soil moisture of 10 to 20 cm for the disk plow and the chisel plow in August. The tillages did not influence the final population of plants, number of stems per plant and percentage of plants fall. For plants of covering, the oats presented biggest difference in the soil moisture from 0 to 10 cm.
  • Authors:
    • Stoffella, P.
    • Bayer, C.
    • Wilson, P.
    • He, Z.
    • Vieira, F.
    • Baligar, V.
  • Source: Australian Journal of Agricultural Research
  • Volume: 59
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2008
  • Summary: This study aimed to: (1) determine the effect of P depletion and presence of Al on root and shoot growth of representative cover crops, and on their nutrient uptake; (2) characterise the composition of root exudation under P and Al stress in nutrient solution; (3) evaluate the ability of aqueous extracts of composts in reducing Al phytotoxicity. Plants of cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata), black oat ( Avena strigosa), and lablab ( Lablab purpureus) were cultivated in different nutrient solution compositions and concentrations for 3 weeks. It was found that Al at concentration of 20 and 200 mol/L increased citrate exudation at least 8 and 24 times, respectively, for cowpea and 18 and 36 times, respectively, for lablab, as compared with the blank. However, no release of organic acids occurred due to P deprivation, suggesting that citrate exudation was a specific response to excess Al. No response in organic acid release was observed for black oat under the stress of P deficiency or Al toxicity. Although the presence of Al in solution did not significantly affect chlorophyll content in leaves, it decreased root and shoot weight, as well as root length, surface area, volume, and number of tips. Organic extracts alleviated aluminum toxicity, improving plant growth and ameliorating plant nutrition status. Yard waste extract was more effective in enhancing plant growth than GreenEdge extract in plants under Al stress.
  • Authors:
    • Naylor,T.
    • Macdonald,B. C. T.
    • Denmead,O. T.
    • Wilson,S.
    • White,I.
    • Moody,P.
    • Griffith,D. W. T.
    • Salter,B.
    • Wang, T.
  • Source: Proceedings of the 2008 Conference of the Australian Society of Sugar Cane Technologists
  • Volume: 30
  • Year: 2008
  • Authors:
    • Baigent, R.
    • Kelly, K. B.
    • Phillips, F. A.
  • Source: Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture
  • Volume: 48
  • Year: 2008
  • Authors:
    • Kelly, K.
    • Armstrong, R.
    • Phillips, F.
    • Officer, S. J.
  • Source: 14th Australian Agronomy Conference
  • Year: 2008
  • Authors:
    • Aarndt, S. K.
    • Eckard, R.
    • Livesley, S. J.
  • Source: Plant and Soil
  • Volume: 309
  • Issue: 1-2
  • Year: 2008
  • Authors:
    • Graham, J.
    • Kelly, K.
    • Li, Y.
    • Chen, D.
    • Edis, R.
    • Turner, D. A.
  • Source: The 2008 Joint Annual Meeting
  • Year: 2008
  • Authors:
    • Dalal, R. C.
    • Salter, B.
    • Reeves, S. H.
    • Moody, P. W.
    • Wang, W. J.
  • Source: Proceedings of Australian Society of Sugarcane Technologists
  • Volume: 30
  • Year: 2008
  • Authors:
    • Ahuja, L. R.
    • Saseendran, S. A.
    • Ma, L.
    • Trout, T.
    • Nielsen, D. C.
  • Source: World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008
  • Year: 2008
  • Summary: Most of the agriculture in the Great Plains and western U.S. is water-limited, consisting of rain-fed, dry-land, cropping systems or range-livestock systems and some irrigated cropping systems where irrigation water is available. Prolonged drought in the last few years has aggravated the situation, and greater frequency of severe droughts predicted by global climate change models is a cause for great concern, especially for dry-land systems. At the same time, the increasing water demands for drinking, sanitation, urban irrigation, industry, and environmental uses are outbidding and reducing the irrigation water available for agriculture. Similar situation exists in many other arid to semi-arid parts of the world. To obtain maximum return out of limited rainfall and irrigation water, with minimum environmental impact, the producers need whole-system and quantitative management tools to help them optimize the use of available water and minimize associated inputs on site-specific and field-specific basis. The tools should help determine appropriate crop sequences, and optimize the use of limited rainfall and irrigation water with respect to the amounts and timings of rainfall, critical growth stages of crop, soil fertility, and weather conditions; help determine an optimal selection of alternate crops during droughts; and an optimal allocation of limited water among crops. There is currently great excitement about growing bio-energy crops in the area, including the dry-land oil seed crops and irrigated corn or other biomass crops. The above tools should also be able to evaluate the long-term economics of bio-energy crops while leaving enough crop residues on the soil to maintain soil organic matter.