19982015
  • Authors:
    • Zhang, C. G.
    • Zheng, C. L.
    • Cao, C. Y.
    • Ma, J. Y.
    • Li, K. J.
    • Niu, Y. J.
  • Source: Zhongguo Shengtai Nongye Xuebao / Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
  • Volume: 19
  • Issue: 2
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: A split-plot design was adopted in an irrigation experiment before cotton sowing with irrigation water amount as the main treatment and water mineral salinity as sub-treatments. The experiment results showed that the rate of cotton emergence decreased with increased irrigation water salt content. The rate of cotton emergence was over 90% at 4 g.L -1 of irrigation water salinity. At 6 g.L -1 of irrigation water salinity, cotton emergence was 85%, but delayed. The optimum irrigation range was 22.5-34.0 mm. Inhibitory actions of water salt on cotton growth and development at early stage was more obvious than at late stage. There was no significant difference in cotton yield between the fresh water and salt water (3.38 g.L -1, cotton yield linearly dropped. Yield was, however, much higher at irrigation water salinity
  • Authors:
    • Ya, T.
    • Ma, X. W.
    • Ji, H. Y.
    • Li, P.
  • Source: Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
  • Volume: 48
  • Issue: 7
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: Objective: This study researched the effects of the optimal proportion of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium to cotton yield under the same irrigation condition in arid area. Method: The experiment adopted orthogonal saturated designs, design of different N, P fertilization level and their combination treatment, and the total experimental plots were 27. Result: According to the experiment results, the polynomial regression was established, that is, the cotton (ginned cotton) yield (Y) and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) quantity of regression equation: Y=206.58+3.21 XN +9.83 XP -0.003 5 XN2+0.029 XP2-0.011 XNXP . The optimum formulation of fertilizer was: nitrogen fertilizer was 260.74 kg/hm 2; phosphorus fertilizer was 120.07 kg/hm 2. At this time cotton (ginned cotton) can get the highest yield: Y=1 214.98 kg/hm 2. Conclusion: Different levels of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizers decide different cotton yields. Interaction between Nitrogen and Phosphorus is very significant.
  • Authors:
    • Zhang, F. C.
    • Li, P. L.
  • Source: Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
  • Volume: 27
  • Issue: 2
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: To explore the regulation effects of water and nitrogen on cotton population growth and development under the furrow irrigation, a cotton field furrow irrigation experiment was conducted. In the experiments, three kinds of furrow irrigation patterns and three irrigation and nitrogen fertilization levels were designed. The change trends of the cotton population physiological indices were simulated using single peak Gaussian distribution model. The results showed that the model simulation accuracy was relatively high. Compared with the peak values of leaf area duration (LAD) under conventional furrow irrigations (CFI), it decreased by 39.3% under alternative furrow irrigations (AFI) and low nitrogen treatments. Under medium nitrogen treatments, there was no significant difference in all indices. Under high nitrogen treatments, the LAD peak value increased by 17.26%, while the net assimilation rate (NAR) decreased by 21.69%. Meanwhile, under fixed furrow irrigations (FFI) and different nitrogen treatments, the peak value of each indices decreased by 35.1%-44.0%. Compared with the CFI, the LAD peak value decreased by 23.94% under AFI low water treatments. LAD peak value increased by 13.63% and leaf area index (LAI) decreased by 14.2% under AFI medium water treatments. Under AFI high water treatments, there was no significant difference in all indices. Under the FFI and different irrigation treatments, each index decreased by 20.7%-47.22%. Compared with the changes of cotton biomass and yield, the changes of ground dry weight and yield were insignificant under AFI and all water and nitrogen treatments. The FFI ground dry weight decreased by 9.8%-19.3% and the cotton yield decreased by 7.6%-8.9%. The experimental results show that AFI has obvious advantage of regulation effects of water and nitrogen on the performance of cotton population and it can be used to control the population growth and development of cotton effectively. Thus, AFI is recommended in practical applications of cotton water and fertilizer managements.
  • Authors:
    • Liu, G. M.
    • Yang, J. S.
    • Li, X. M.
  • Source: Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture
  • Volume: 19
  • Issue: 2
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: Specific field sites in cotton field were selected for different film-mulched irrigation techniques, including one-mulch/one-pipe/four-row irrigation mode (114 mode), one-mulch/two-pipe/four-row irrigation mode (124 mode) and flooding irrigation mode (FIM). Then apparent electrical conductivities ( ECa ) were measured at different heights and locations of the sites, including wide-row with mulch, narrow-row with mulch and inter mulch. Soil profile salinity interpretation models were established to evaluate the horizontal and vertical distribution characteristics of soil salt. The study showed that, in horizontal direction, soil salt content in narrow-row with mulch was more than that in wide-row with mulch in 114 mode in the 0-10 cm soil layer. Under 124 mode, soil salt content in narrow-row with mulch was less than that in wide-row with mulch. There was no obvious difference at different locations under FIM. In vertical direction, surface accumulation occurred in all three modes (114 mode, 124 mode and FIM). The maximum accumulation occurred in the 10-20 cm soil layer, and soil salt content tended to be stable in layers below 80 cm. Soil profile salinity interpretation models were not only precise in results, but also convenient in use. The models could therefore be used to accurately predict soil salt distribution of cotton field under different film-mulched irrigation techniques. This was significant for improving agricultural production.
  • Authors:
    • Huang, B. Z.
    • Wu, Y. L.
    • Wei, Y. R.
    • Li, C. Y.
    • Yi, G. J.
  • Source: Acta Horticulturae
  • Issue: 897
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: China is one of the centres of origin of banana. The crop has been cultivated there for more than 2000 years, and in the last two decades, it has become one of the most important fruit crops in the country. With a production of 8,042,702 tonnes on an area of 311,106 ha in 2008, banana comes in fourth place, only after apple, citrus and pear. As the demand for banana in the country is very high, banana produced domestically can only meet 90% of the demand, the other 10% is met by imported banana. Banana is mainly cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian, Yunnan Province and Taiwan. Guangdong's cultivated area and production quantity rank first in China. The banana industry in China has been evolving fast over the past two decades. Indeed, banana production is a crucial industry in each main producing area; it plays an important role in the local economy and rural development. Many high-yielding and good-quality production techniques have been widely adopted by growers, such as micropropagated plantlets, water-saving irrigation, fertilisation, bunch management techniques, etc. Since 2003, the industrialisation of banana production has been promoted effectively through the implementation of the "Banana Industrial Upgrading Plan" developed by the Agricultural Ministry. However, Chinese banana production is still facing many challenges such as pests and diseases, adverse weather conditions and level of industrialisation. More than 3,000 ha of banana plantations have been attacked by Fusarium wilt in Guangdong. Production declined by more than 30% due to cold temperature in 1991-1992, 1999-2000 and 2002-2003, and the damage in 2007-2008 was devastating. In order to promote a healthy and persistent development of the banana industry, the National Industry System of Banana was initiated by the National Agricultural Ministry in 2008. Scientists were organised to tackle key issues, including breeding, cultivation technology, postharvest and processing, marketing and trade.
  • Authors:
    • Liu, T.
    • Liang, Y. C.
    • Liu, H. L.
    • Chu, G. X.
  • Source: Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
  • Volume: 47
  • Issue: 11
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: Objective: This paper focuses on exploring the effect of two chlorinated pyridine nitrification inhibitors under drip irrigation on soil nitrogen transformation and the yield of cotton. Method: A field experiment was conducted on nitrification inhibitor in cotton drip irrigation in the Agricultural Center. Result: The two types of tested nitrification inhibitor showed significant inhibitory effect on nitrification six days after they are applied with water drops, the content of soil NH 4+-N increased 3.82%-211.25%, NO 3--N decreased 56.2%-77.12%, the rate of apparent nitrification decreased 2.66%-52.83% compared with control treatment, the nitrogen validity increased by 1.54-4.15 percent, the increase of seed cotton yield per hectare is 202.5-247.5 kg, which showed 3.43%-4.3% increase rate, the newly increased economic benefit is 1 059-1 306.5 RMB. Conclusion: Under drip irrigation, the nitrification inhibitors apply with water drops, which is easy to operate and can effectively improve the N nutrition level of the cotton plants, therefore, the yield increase is significant.
  • Authors:
    • Zhang, J. H.
    • Fan, J. H.
    • Liu, M.
    • Liu, J. H.
  • Source: Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
  • Volume: 48
  • Issue: 3
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: Objective: The growth and development, assimilates accumulation and distribution of organs and its correlation with LAI, LAD and leaf SPAD value of YX-193 and XH-28 during output formative period were studied. Both of them were the improved lines of two major cultivated sea island cotton ( Gossypium barbadense L.) varieties Xinhai 21-Priority system 193, and Xinhai 28 (formerly-code-named TH 45). Method: Indexes such as the growth and development, assimilates accumulation and distribution of Sea Island cotton YX-193 and XH-28 were observed by mulched drip irrigation, using SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter the SPAD values were measured, correlation analysis and regression analysis were used to analyze data. Result: The results showed that stem diameter, leaf area index, photosynthetic potential, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, maximum LAI, and assimilates accumulation of YX-193 are slightly higher than that of XH-28 except plant height, the most rapid rate of assimilates accumulation is in between 60-90 d after seedling emergence; rules of assimilates distribution rate of different organs are different, their common characteristics are genital organs > vegetative organs > root; assimilates accumulation showed linear correlation with the leaf SPAD value, and meet the quadratic regression model with LAI, LAD. Conclusion: Under the same conditions, the assimilates accumulation of YX-193 are higher than XH-28's during yield formative period; assimilates accumulation of vegetative organs showed a parabolic type, assimilates accumulation of reproductive organs and single plant are close to "S" type. The vegetative organs/total dry weight, leaf dry weight ratio and root to shoot ratio of the two varieties (lines) showed decreasing trend, genital organs/total dry weight showed an increasing trend.
  • Authors:
    • Chen, D. L.
    • Qin, X. B.
    • Gao, Q. Z.
    • Wan, Y. .F.
    • Li, Y. E.
    • Liu, Y. T.
  • Source: see: http://www.findanexpert.unimelb.edu.au/display/publication195094
  • Volume: 30
  • Issue: 7
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: Excessive fertilizer application to cropland results in high N 2O emissions; thus cropland becomes an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To reduce N 2O emissions, an experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of fertilizer types on N 2O emissions in spring maize fields in northern China, which was monitored continuously by automatic measurement system. The responses of grain yield, in addition to N 2O emissions, were examined to explore feasible strategies to reduce N 2O emission. Four fertilizer application treatments including no fertilizer application treatment (control), urea treatment (U), urea and phosphorus treatment (NP), and nitric phosphate treatment (NOP) were designed in field experiment. Results showed that the total N 2O fluxes in each treatment were 0.21 kg N/ha in the control, 1.19 kg N/ha in U, 0.93 kg N/ha in NP, and 0.69 kg N/ha in NOP treatments, respectively. The N 2O emissions were mainly influenced by fertilizer application, irrigation, precipitation and soil temperature. Soil N 2O uptake was observed during the late growth stage of spring maize when soil mineral N was lower than 7 mg N/kg. The N 2O emission factor (EF) of each fertilizer treatment was lower than 1% which was suggested by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This means that the default EF should not be used for estimation of the regional N 2O fluxes in spring maize fields in northern China. Phosphorus fertilizer not only could reduce the N 2O emission but also increase maize grain yield, whereas nitric phosphate was significantly more effective than urea in reducing N 2O emissions. Evaluation based on crop yield and N 2O emissions showed that NOP treatment was a better management practice in the sense that, when compared to U and NP treatments, it reduced not only N 2O emission by 42% and 26%, respectively, but also the farmers' expenditure reduced by 15% and 30%, while crop yield was maintained.
  • Authors:
    • Wang, J.
    • Yu, M.
    • Li, X. M.
    • Yang,J. S.
    • Liu, M. X.
  • Source: Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao
  • Volume: 22
  • Issue: 12
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: A 2-year (2009 and 2010) field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of irrigation amount (300, 375, and 450 mm) and irrigation frequency (once every 3-, 7-, and 10 days) on the soil water distribution and cotton water use efficiency (WUE) under mulched drip irrigation in North Xinjiang. When the irrigation amount was 375 mm, irrigation once every 3 days induced a higher water content in surface soil (0-20 cm) in the whole growth season of cotton but made the deeper (below 40 cm) soil not moistened enough. Irrigation once every 10 days benefited the irrigation water penetrated downward or sideways and made the deeper soil have a higher water content; however, this drip irrigation did not replenish water in time, and made the surface soil water content lower. Overall, drip irrigation once every 7 days benefited the uniform distribution of irrigation water in soil profile. Under the same irrigation frequencies, the larger the irrigation amount, the higher the soil water content. The cotton water consumption in all treatments had the similar pattern, i. e., lower at seedling stage (averagely
  • Authors:
    • Zhang, F.
    • Ma, D.
    • Ma, L.
  • Source: Chinese Potato Journal
  • Volume: 25
  • Issue: 2
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: Drip irrigation and traditional irrigation were investigated for their effects on the percentage of large tubers and tuber yield in a field trial with a potato cv. Kexin No.18 ( Solanum tubersoum) in Keshan, Heilongjiang, China in 2010, with no irrigation as the control. The drip irrigation increased the percentage of large tubers, and increased tuber yield by 46.7%, and also significantly enhanced economic benefits, compared to traditional irrigation methods.