531. P and K fertilizer; yield performance and development of soil nutrient content as influenced by differentiated P and K inputs in a long-term study over 20 years.; P + K-Dungung: Ertragsleistung und Entwicklung der Bodennahrstoffgehalte in Abhangigkeit differenzierter P + K-Dungung, in einem Dauerversuch uber 20 Jahre.

• Authors:
  • Roggenstein, V.
  • Fischbeck, G.
  • Dennert, J.
• Source: Getreide Magazin
• Issue: 3
• Year: 2001
• Summary: A study was initiated in 1980 in Germany on a soil with 4% humus and 18.2 mg P 20 5/100 g soil and 35.7 mg K 20/100 g soil. Crops included winter wheat, barley, rye, oats, rape, and maize. Annual soil analyses showed an unexpectedly large variation following inputs of up to 60 kg P/ha and 80 kg K/ha. The difference in P and K supply between fertilized and unfertilized plots was around 20%. However, the effect on yields was less than might have been expected. Non-application of P did not influence yield, while non-application of K resulted in 5% decrease (despite high K availability). No direct relationship was found between soil analysis and yields.

532. Farm Budget Handbook, Southern NSW - Irrigated Winter Crops 2001.

• Authors:
  • Faour, K.
• Source: Farm Budget Handbook, Southern NSW - Irrigated Winter Crops 2001
• Year: 2001
• Summary: This handbook presents gross margin budgets for irrigated winter crops and pasture establishment to assist landholders in the Murrumbidgee and Murray valleys (southern New South Wales, Australia) plan for the 2001 winter cropping season.

533. Pocket guide to varieties of cereals, oilseeds and pulses for Spring 2002.

• Authors:
  • UK, National Institute of Agricultural Botany
• Source: Pocket guide to varieties of cereals, oilseeds and pulses for Spring 2002
• Year: 2001
• Summary: This edition presents information on the spring sown varieties of wheat, barley, oats, oilseed rape, peas and beans. Individual information on each variety is given, including variety notes, yield performance, relative ranking position in different environments and a summary of the important character ratings from the Recommended Lists. General information is also given on minor spring sown oil crops.

534. Zone-subsoiling relationships to bulk density and cone index on a furrow-irrigated soil.

• Authors:
  • Sojka, R. E.
  • Bjorneberg, D. L.
  • Aase, J. K.
• Source: Transactions of the ASAE
• Volume: 44
• Issue: 3
• Year: 2001
• Summary: Zone subsoiling on irrigated land has been successfully used to improve potato ( Solanum tuberosum) yield and quality. Zone subsoiling under furrow irrigation may disrupt water flow and influence infiltration and soil erosion. We hypothesized that zone subsoiling, done appropriately, will maintain integrity of irrigation furrows, improve small grain (barley) and dry bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris) growth and yield, and not adversely affect water flow, infiltration, or erosion on furrow-irrigated soils. The experiment, which started in 1995, was conducted at the USDA-ARS Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory in Kimberly, Idaho, USA. The soil is a Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcids). Tillage treatments were disc, disc+paratill, paratill, and no-till. There were no differences in water infiltration, runoff, or soil erosion among treatments. Bulk density differences among treatments were largest at the 0.15 to 0.20-m depth, and bulk density was ~16 to 18% greater on disc and no-till treatments than on paratill treatments. The highest frequency of low cone index (CI) values belonged to paratill treatments (65 to 80% frequency of CI values less than 2 MPa); the lowest frequency of low CI values belonged to no-till treatment (20% frequency less than 2 MPa). Cone index versus bulk density relationships depended on soil water content with a slope of 5.81 (r 2=0.70) in the wetter year of 1997, and 2.90 in the drier year of 1995 (r 2=0.60). Subsoiling can be accomplished on furrow-irrigated lands with no adverse effects on runoff, infiltration, and erosion, but under our conditions did not improve crop growth and yield.

535. Increasing the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizers in the central taiga subzone of the Komi Republic.

• Authors:
  • Beznosikov, V. A.
• Source: Agrokhimiya
• Issue: 5
• Year: 2001
• Summary: Studies have been made since 1985 on ways of improving the effectiveness of N fertilizers on non-gleyed and weakly gleyed podzolic soils, either undrained or with tile drains, in the Komi Republic (NE part of the Russian continental plateau). On this basis recommendations are made on land improvement by drainage, and on the optimum doses, application times and ways of covering the N fertilizers. These measures will improve crop productivity for annual ryegrass, potatoes, and mixtures (peas/oats, ryegrass/peas, ryegrass/barley, ryegrass/rape).

536. Effects of crop rotation and tillage on root lesion nematode and wheat yield, 1999.

• Authors:
  • Rhinhart, K.
  • Walenta, D.
  • Harris, G.
  • Patterson, L.
  • Wysocki, D.
  • Ball, D.
  • Smiley, R.
  • Merrifield, K.
• Source: Biological and Cultural Tests for Control of Plant Diseases
• Volume: 15
• Year: 2000
• Summary: Root lesion nematode numbers in soil and wheat roots were evaluated on the sixth year of a crop rotation and tillage management study in Oregon, USA. Seven treatments were established in 1993 and culminated with all plots planted with winter wheat in 1999. Treatments comprised: (1) two-year rotation of winter wheat and high-residue fallow, using a disc in autumn following harvest and a chisel plough to prepare fallow in spring; (2) two-year rotation of winter wheat and high-residue fallow, using a chemical fallow in autumn following harvest and chisel plough in standing stubble; (3) three-year rotation of winter wheat, spring barley and fallow with tillage as in treatment 1; (4) three-year rotation of winter wheat, spring barley and fallow with chemical fallow as in treatment 2; (5) three-year rotation of rape, winter wheat and fallow with tillage as in treatment 1; (6) two-year rotation of winter wheat and low-residue fallow using a mouldboard plough during spring (current conventional practice with wheat stubble standing through winter following harvest); and (7) continuous no-till spring wheat for five years and winter wheat during 1998-99. Pratylenchus neglectus was the dominant soil lesion nematode and the only species obtained from the roots. P. thornei occurred in soil of some treatments but its ratios were not determined. The highest numbers of lesion nematodes and lowest grain yields occurred in treatments where wheat followed another crop rather than fallow (e.g. annual wheat and the 3-year rotation of rape, winter wheat and fallow). Yield was inversely associated with lesion nematode numbers in roots and soil. There were no relationships among stunt or nonparasitic nematodes and crop history or wheat grain yield.

537. Weed control in winter crops 2000.

• Authors:
  • Tonkin, C. J.
  • Dellow, J. J.
  • Mullen, C. L.
• Source: Weed control in winter crops 2000 Weed control in winter crops 2000.
• Year: 2000
• Summary: This guide provides information on chemical weed control in New South Wales, Australia, for the following winter crops: wheat; barley; oats; rye; triticale; canola [rape]; safflower; lentils; linseed; lupins; chickpeas; faba beans; field pea; and fallows.

538. Regional on farm experiments 1999: Albury, Cootamundra, Lockhart, Tumut & Wagga Wagga agronomy districts.

• Authors:
  • Powell, C.
• Source: New South Wales Department of Agriculture
• Year: 2000
• Summary: This report presents tabulated yield data from variety trials held in New South Wales, Australia, for barley, rape, faba beans, field peas, lentils, lupins, mixed cereals (barley, oats, triticale and wheat), oats, triticale, wheat.

539. Winter crop variety experiments 1999.

• Authors:
  • Powell, C.
• Source: New South Wales Department of Agriculture
• Year: 2000
• Summary: Tabulated data on yield are presented from variety trials conducted in New South Wales, Australia, during 1999 for barley, rape, chickpeas, faba beans, field peas, lentils, lupins, mixed cereal (barley, oats, rye, triticale and wheat), oats, triticale and wheat.

540. Potential crop growth assessment from remotely sensed images compared to ordinary yield maps.

• Authors:
  • Soderstrom, M.
  • Rydberg, A.
• Source: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Precision Agriculture, Bloomington, Minnesota, USA, 16-19 July, 2000
• Year: 2000
• Summary: This study investigates the potential of using SPOT multispectral images of agricultural fields to distinguish spatial variation in crop-growth patterns that can be used for site-specific agricultural management. Four years of SPOT data from 1995 to 1997 and 1999 are used in this study over south-western Sweden where satellite derived yield maps are compared to data from commercial yield mapping systems. The crops included rape, wheat, barley, meadow fescue [Festuca pratensis], oats, peas and rye. Our concept of crop growth maps is intended for use in areas where yield mapping, soil sampling and ground spectral measurements are not available. Maps of crop growth variability produced by clustering processes applied to images of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index are compared to clustering of yield maps from the same years. Qualitative yield estimation is derived by dividing each field into several thematic classes, going from lowest to highest potential yield within a particular field. Qualitative comparisons are made within each field. For one year, the satellite data are also compared to three traditional yield maps derived from the same set of yield data. For a few fields where the time of image acquisition coincides with stages of optimum grain fill, high correlations were obtained between yield and NDVI. This study illustrates that satellite images can be a useful tool in precision agriculture management. The clusters created from the NDVI images show similar patterns as clusters created from the yield maps.