• Authors:
    • Dhaka, A. K.
    • Dahiya, S. S.
    • Pannu, R. K.
    • Singh, M.
  • Source: Crop Research
  • Volume: 43
  • Issue: 1/2/3
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: The survey was conducted in Haryana state during rabi season of 2005-06 on 972 farmers in 54 villages of 16 districts with respective cropping system i. e. pearl millet-wheat, cotton-wheat and rice-wheat. The 18 farmers from each village were selected randomly covering small (4.0 ha) group of land holders. Only those farmers were selected, who had grown PBW 343 variety of wheat. The sample sizes for pearl millet-wheat, cotton-wheat and rice-wheat of all three small, medium and large farm size groups were 90, 108 and 126, respectively. Yield reported in rice-wheat system was higher than cotton-wheat and pearl millet-wheat system. Maximum yield was observed with the use of more than five bags urea/ha. Numbers of irrigations above 4 and seed rate above 100 kg/ha were also reported to increase in yield. Protein content of wheat in pearl millet-wheat system was the highest. Protein content in late sown wheat in pearl millet-wheat system was higher than cotton-wheat and rice-wheat systems. Seed rate of 100 kg/ha and nitrogen dose of five bags of urea/ha gave significantly higher protein content. Quantitative production of wheat in rice-wheat and cotton-wheat cropping systems was higher than pearl millet-wheat system but quality in terms of protein content was significantly superior to both the rice-wheat and cotton-wheat systems. Hence, export market should be developed in quality grain producing zone i. e. in pearl millet-wheat growing areas, where lower percentage of farmers use higher nitrogen doses and cultivation practices were numerically better than other cropping systems.
  • Authors:
    • Tomasiewicz, D. J.
    • Mohr, R. M.
  • Source: Canadian Journal of Plant Science
  • Volume: 92
  • Issue: 4
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: Potassium is frequently applied to irrigated potato in Manitoba. Field experiments were conducted at two sites in each of 2006, 2007 and 2008 to assess effects of rate and timing of potassium chloride (KCl) application on the yield, quality, and nutrient status of irrigated potato ( Solanum tuberosum 'Russet Burbank') in southern Manitoba. Preplant application of KCl increased total and marketable yield at one site, and tended (0.05
  • Authors:
    • Nayerain-Jazy, A. H.
  • Source: Research on Crops
  • Volume: 13
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: Scientists have found that different soil moisture conditions in different cotton growth stages affect vegetative growth, reproductive development, qualitative and quantitative yield, yield components, boll abscission, maturity and physiological process such as photosynthesis, respiration, assimilate translocation and partitioning and so on. To evaluate effect of irrigation regimes and foliar feeding of micronutrients on some morphological characteristics of cotton plants and cottonseed traits, this experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station owned by Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch in a split plot layout with three replications in 2009. Irrigation treatments were regarded as the main factors and foliar application of micronutrients was applied as sub-factors. Plant height, main stem's node number, number of monopodial and sympodial branches, weight of 100 seeds, cottonseed yield, seed oil and protein percentage and oil yield were calculated and analysis of variance was carried out for all traits on split plot layout based on randomized complete block design. According to the results, effect of irrigation regimes was statistically significant on morphological characteristics at 1% probability level. Foliar feeding of micronutrients had no significant effect just on number of monopodial branches, although, interaction of irrigation regimes and foliar feeding of micronutrients had significant effect just on plant height. Effect of irrigation regimes and foliar feeding of micronutrients on related traits to seed was significant at 1% probability level as well. The greatest 100-seed weight (10.88 g) and seed oil percentage (28.03) were related to irrigation after 80 mm evaporation with three times foliar feeding of micronutrient treatments. Also, the highest amount of oil yield (163.78 kg/ha) was produced in irrigation after 160 mm evaporation with three times foliar feeding of micronutrient treatments.
  • Authors:
    • Necula, D.
    • Necula, R.
  • Source: Lucrări Ştiinţifice
  • Volume: 14
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: Bucharest Ilfov Region Agriculture still occupies an important place, having large reserves of development, determined by soil quality, climate factors, technical equipment and materials and labor (or work within major research institutes in the field). However, productivity is lower productivity sector registered in EU countries due to insufficient technical equipment, small scale agricultural enterprises, which represent obstacles to effective development. Also, irrigation systems are underdeveloped.
  • Authors:
    • Wells, R.
    • Edmisten, K. L.
    • Lanier, J. E.
    • Corbett, T.
    • Jordan, D. L.
    • Collins, G. D.
    • Nuti, R. C.
    • Grabow, G. L.
  • Source: Crop Management
  • Issue: March
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: Irrigated cotton acreage is limited in North Carolina. Research was conducted in North Carolina from 2004 to 2007 to define interactions of planting date with either mepiquat chloride application or cultivar under sub-surface drip irrigation or no irrigation. In most instances planting date, cultivar or mepiquat chloride, and irrigation did not interact for seed cotton yield. While main effects of planting date and irrigation were often significant, mepiquat chloride did not affect cotton yield. Cotton response to irrigation and planting date was variable and was generally influenced by annual variability in rainfall. Results from these experiments suggest that sub-surface drip irrigation improves cotton yield stability over the planting dates, mepiquat chloride applications, and cultivars tested. Additionally, cotton response to planting date was independent of irrigation treatment.
  • Authors:
    • Walsh, D. B.
    • Ringer, K. L.
    • Peters, T. R.
    • Okwany, R. O.
    • Rubio, M.
  • Source: Irrigation Science
  • Volume: 30
  • Issue: 3
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: Crop response to deficit irrigation is an important consideration for establishing irrigation management strategies when water supplies are limited. This study evaluated the response of native spearmint to water deficits applied using overhead sprinklers in eastern Washington, US. Five levels of irrigation were applied ranging from full irrigation (100%) to 5% of weekly averaged full crop water needs. Soil water monitoring with soil water balance was used to estimate soil water deficits for irrigation scheduling and soil water use. Mint oil yields, oil components, dry matter production, and the water-use efficiency of the spearmint were assessed. There was significant reduction in fresh mint hay (harvested biomass) yield with increasing water deficit. However, spearmint oil yields remained generally uniform across irrigation treatments at the first cutting but decreased at the driest plots during the second harvest due to a loss of plant stand. The wet harvest index and water-use efficiency improved significantly for both harvests with increasing water deficit. Hay yield, oil yield, wet harvest index, and water-use efficiency are pooled across sides and replicate blocks to provide trends with changes in maximum evapotranspiration. The three major monoterpenes show changes suggesting less mature oil yields. The study demonstrates the feasibility of sustaining native spearmint yields under managed deficit irrigations for deficits not lower than 0.5 ETc.
  • Authors:
    • Assefa, Y.
    • Roozeboom, K. L.
    • Staggenborg, S. A.
    • Du, J.
  • Source: Agronomy Journal
  • Volume: 104
  • Issue: 2
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: Corn ( Zea mays L.) yield has increased from about 1.5 Mg ha -1 in the early 1900s to 8.5 Mg ha -1 in the beginning of the 2000s in the United States. Information about yield and management changes in irrigated and dryland corn yields for the hybrid era is scarce. The objective of the present study was to determine the magnitude of yield and management changes in irrigated and dryland corn from 1939 through 2009. Data from selected irrigated and dryland corn performance trials conducted in Kansas from 1939 through 2009 were analyzed. On average, corn yields have increased at rate of 90 kg ha -1 yr -1 in dryland and 120 kg ha -1 yr -1 in irrigated trials. Corn yield changes from one decade to another were not similar for the seven decades considered. Both irrigated and dryland yields increased significantly at least every two decades until the last three, during which dryland yields stagnated. Changes in hybrid technology and changes in crop management factors, such as a decrease in planting and harvesting date by about a quarter of a day yr -1, increased planting density at the rate of 597 plants ha -1 yr -1, and increased N and P fertilizer rates by 2.6 and 0.40 kg ha -1 yr -1, respectively, were found for the same time period in dryland corn. In addition, climate changes contributed to yield increases in the past through increased total rainfall, average monthly minimum and maximum temperature in March, and decreased maximum temperature from July through September.
  • Authors:
    • de Oliveira, F. de A.
    • da S. Soares, L. C.
    • Soares, L. C. da S.
    • Freire, A. G.
    • Oliveira, F. R. A. de
    • Medeiros,J . F. de
    • Oliveira, F. de A. de
    • de Medeiros, J. F.
    • de Oliveira, F. R. A.
  • Source: Revista Ciencia Agronomica
  • Volume: 43
  • Issue: 2
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different salinity levels of irrigation water and seed treated with growth regulator on the yield of cotton. It was used an entirely statistical randomized design, in a factorial scheme 5*2, with four replications. The treatments resulted from the combination of four salinity levels of irrigation water (S 1-0.5; S 2-2.0; S 3-3.5; S 4-5.0 and S 5-6.5 dS m -1) in treated and untreated seeds with growth regulator. The variables were: production of cotton, seed and fiber, 100 seed weight and percentage of fiber. There was not interaction between salinity levels and seed treated. The parameters of cotton production are reduced with the use of water salinity from 3.5 dS m -1, independent of seed treated or not with growth regulators. Agronomic traits 100 seed weight, percentage of fiber and seed cotton production are not influenced by mepiquat chloride. The seed treatment with growth regulator do not affects the adverse effect of salinity.
  • Authors:
    • de Oliveira, F. R. A.
    • de Medeiros, J. F.
    • de Oliveira, F. de A.
    • de A. de Oliveira, F.
    • Freire, A. G.
    • Oliveira, M. K. T. de
    • Oliveira, F. R. A. de
    • Medeiros, J. F. de
    • Oliveira, F. de A. de
    • de Oliveira, M. K. T.
  • Source: Revista Ciência Agronômica
  • Volume: 43
  • Issue: 3
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: This work was carried out to evaluate the effect of irrigation water at different salinity levels, and of seed treatment with plant growth regulator, on the development of the cotton plant. The experimental design used was completely randomized, arranged in a 5*2 factorial scheme with four replications. The treatments resulted from the combinations of five levels of salinity of the irrigation water (S 1-0.5, S 2-2.0, S 3-3.5, S 4-5.0 and 6.5 dS m -1) on seeds, both treated and not treated with growth regulator. The evaluated characteristics were: number of leaves, leaf area, height, dry mass of stems, leaves and vegetative parts, specific leaf area and leaf area ratio. There was an interaction between salinity and seed treatments with mepiquat chloride, but only for leaf area and leaf area ratio. All other characteristics decreased with the increasing salinity of the irrigation water, with greater reductions in leaf area (mean of 65.8%) and dry mass of vegetative parts (64%). Seed treatment with mepiquat chloride affected plant development, independent of salinity.
  • Authors:
    • Oztekin, M. E.
  • Source: Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment
  • Volume: 10
  • Issue: 2 part 3
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: Land use is an important global issue in terms of preserving the soils, agricultural crop production and farmers' economy as well as the other usage purposes. There are many useful approaches and tools for efficient determination of the land use types. In this study, distribution of different field crops and citrus orchards were monitored and determined for land use types (LUTs) using the low cost ASTER satellite images and GIS in Akarsu Irrigation District of Lower Seyhan Plain (9495 ha) in southern Turkey. Prior to parceling in the field, study area maps of 1:5000 scale were digitized by using ArcGIS software. The enhanced satellite images were overlaid onto the digitized parcel map for ground observations. The images were printed and checked for all crops of the fields. Commonly grown different field crops and orchards were mapped during the field work. A database for this research was established after an intensive field work. The crop types and their coordinates were determined and recorded during the field works. Five LUTs were identified in the study area, and corn and citrus were the most planted LUTs. Furthermore, suitability of soil series for LUTs was investigated; Canakci and Mursel soil series in the study area were found to be highly suitable for all LUTs. It was concluded that cost effective ASTER images could be potentially used for the determination of different crops and orchards which have different reflection values. However, the images must be obtained during the appropriate time period.