• Authors:
    • Boguszewska-Mankowska, D.
    • Pietraszko, M.
  • Source: BIULETYN INSTYTUTU HODOWLI I AKLIMATYZACJI ROŚLIN
  • Issue: 263
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: We present here the results of the field experiments set up on microplots in 2008 at Jadwisin Division of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute. The aim of this study was to assess impact of irrigation on symptomatic and latent ring rot infection of potato progeny tubers. Seed potatoes were inoculated with bacterial suspension of two different concentrations of Cms cells: 10 6 cfu/ml and 10 8 cfu/ml. The most progeny tubers with symptoms of ring rot (1.96%) were found in non-irrigated combination. The share of samples with Cms cells detected using IF test for non-irrigated objects was 76.5%, while for irrigated objects was 89.2%. The latent infection was most intensive in progeny tubers derived from irrigated objects when seed tubers were inoculated with bacterial suspension of concentrations Cms of 10 8 cfu/ml. Irrigation had no significant effect on the degree of progeny tubers infection with ring rot symptoms. The significantly higher degree of progeny tubers infection was determined for samples in which potato seed tubers were inoculated with bacterial suspension of concentration Cms of 10 8 cfu/ml.
  • Authors:
    • Nicolae, I.
    • Dima, M.
    • Diaconu, A.
    • Ploae, M.
  • Source: Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova
  • Volume: 45
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: Less favorable conditions on sandy soils in southern Oltenia (Romania) limited number of species and varieties grown in the area. Drought and high temperatures in recent years have acted as forces dehydrated plants, disturbing their metabolism. Very high air temperature, relative humidity decreased to 25%, high surface temperature and lack of rainfall during the growing season, producing an imbalance of fluid balance in plante. Excessive foliar transpiration level can dehydrate plants, close osteoles and diminuted gas exchange in the process of photosynthesis. Irrigation plants can remove the stress factor action in the area, maintaining a positive fluid balance, that evaporated water is replaced by water traspiration administered by irrigation. On the sandy soils plant photosynthesis shows a depression at noon when the action is the maximum stress factors. Research early require selection of species with short growing season, to avoid atmospheric and soil drought in July and August. Potatoes meet these requirements, and research in the present study we aimed directing agrotechnical factors (variety, irrigation, fertilization) in order to obtain high yields and efficient, in economic terms.
  • Authors:
    • Pujari, B. T.
    • Halepyati, A. S.
    • Prabhu, G.
    • Desai, B. K.
  • Source: Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences
  • Volume: 25
  • Issue: 2
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: The field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture Farm, Raichur on medium black soil during kharif, 2009 to study the weed management in Bt cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) under irrigation. The results revealed that among the weed management treatments, weed free check recorded significantly higher uptake of nutrients (111.01, 31.21 and 129.11 NPK kg ha -1) and was followed by pendimethalin 38.7 CS (PRE)+quizalofop ethyl 5 EC (POE)+IC and HW at 60 DAS (T 12). With regards to yield and economics, pendimethalin 38.7 CS (PRE)+quizalofop ethyl 5 EC (POE)+IC and HW at 60 DAS (T 12) gave significantly higher seed cotton yield (14.06 q ha -1) and higher gross returns (Rs 35,150 ha -1), net returns (Rs 11,857 ha -1) and BC ratio (1.51).
  • Authors:
    • Rajakumar
    • Kuchanur, P. K.
    • Nidagundi, J. M.
    • Konda, C. R.
  • Source: Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding
  • Volume: 3
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: Twenty two Bt cotton hybrids were evaluated for seed cotton yield and fibre quality parameters over three environments viz., Agricultural Research Station, Siruguppa (E-1), Main Agricultural Research Station, Raichur (E-2) and Agricultural Research Station, Bheemarayanagudi (E-3), during Kharif 2010-11. The seed cotton yield ranged from 1478 to 2203 kg/ha among the Bt cotton hybrids. Pooled data of seed cotton yield revealed that two hybrids viz., MRC 7347 BG II (2203 kg/ha) and ACH 177-2 BG II (2054 kg/ha) recorded numerically superior seed cotton yield over the check, MRC-7351 BG-II (2053 kg/ha). The data on 2.5 per cent span length ranged from 29.2 mm to 33.6 mm, while the fibre strength of the hybrids ranged from 21.7 g/tex to 23.9 g/tex. Fibre fineness or micronaire value ranged from 3.9 to 4.6 g/inch. None of the hybrids were found to be stable across all the test environments indicating the need to undertake extensive testing of Bt cotton hybrids for recommending region specific hybrids possessing high yielding potential coupled with desirable fibre quality parameters.
  • Authors:
    • Amanullah, M. M.
    • Rajendran, K.
    • Vaiyapuri, K.
  • Source: Madras Agricultural Journal
  • Volume: 99
  • Issue: 1/3
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: Field experiments were conducted during winter 2006-07 and 2007-08 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to find out the effect of drip irrigation on the productivity and water use efficiency in Bt-cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.). The experiments were laid out in a randomized block design replicated four times. The treatments consisted of drip irrigation at 0.40, 0.60, 0.80 and 1.0 ET c (Crop evapotranspiration) compared with farmers' method (flood irrigation method). The results revealed that application of water to Bt-cotton through drip resulted in better growth, higher seed cotton yield and better quality of lint than the surface method. The yield advantage due to different irrigation schedules through drip based on ETc was 26.2 and 12.8% over surface method during 2006-07 and 2007-08, respectively. Among the irrigation through drip, irrigation at 0.80 ET c recorded better growth and gave higher seed cotton yield than irrigation at 0.60 ET c. The water use efficiency with drip irrigated Bt-cotton was 44.4% higher than the flood method of irrigation.
  • Authors:
    • Sukanta, P.
    • Aparajita, M.
    • Rajib, K.
  • Source: Potato Journal
  • Volume: 39
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: A field experiment was undertaken to evaluate the varietal tolerance and accumulation of arsenic by different potato cultivars at village Nonaghata in Nadia district of West Bengal during winter season of 2008-09 and 2009-10. Arsenic content in the irrigation water was 0.094 to 0.108 mg/l. Arsenic accumulation of different plant parts was in the following sequence: root > stem > leaf > tuber, irrespective of all cultivars. After harvesting, the least arsenic loading was observed in cultivar Kufri Jyoti (0.05 mg/kg) which also showed the highest productivity (32.32 t/ha). Cultivar Kufri Chandramukhi and locally grown variety Lal alu accumulated a lesser amount of arsenic and had also a higher yield compared with the other entries.
  • Authors:
    • Hussein, M. S.
    • Elsebai, M. N.
    • Rihan, M. K.
  • Source: Arab Universities Journal of Agricultural Sciences
  • Volume: 20
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: Egypt depends on the Nile River as a major source of water, it provides about 76.3% of its water requirements, other water sources provides about 23.7% of total water requirements. Agriculture sector is the main consumer of water in Egypt as it consumed about 85.9% of the total actual consumption of water in 2009. The main problem of the present paper is the decrease in the efficiency of water use in Egyptian agriculture. The objective of paper is to assess the efficiency of water use in agriculture in the old and new land Egypt through the use of partial efficiency measures. Results showed that in average of the cost of irrigation per feddan during the period (1998-2009), that was for winter crops in the old lands as follows: 85.3, 105.8, 119.3, 127.3 pounds/feddan for faba bean, sugar beet, alfalfa sustained, wheat at a cost of irrigation per feddan of which respectively. For summer crops in old land cost was about 114.7, 129.5, 139.8, 156.2, 217.8, 606.1 pounds/feddan at a cost of, sesame, soybean, peanut, corn, rice, sugar cane, respectively. For the winter crops in the new lands irrigation cost per feddan was about L.E 99.3, 169.0 for garlic and onion respectively. Summer crops in the new lands irrigation costs for watermelon, cucumber, potatoes, eggplant, peppers, and tomatoes were as follows: L.E 92.4, 133, 138.7, 139.8, 157.7, 194.3 pounds/feddan respectively. The results of the statistical analysis of partial-efficiency measures showed that, according to the criterion of net revenue from the water unit - winter crops on the old land as follows: alfalfa, wheat, faba bean, and sugar beet. As for the summer crops of old land the results showed of the statistical estimate of the partial-efficiency measures that peanuts, corn, sesame, sugar cane, rice, soybeans respectively. In the new lands the results of statistical analysis for the partial-efficiency measures, according to the standard net return of the water unit for winter crops were garlic followed by the first crop of onions. As for the summer crops, the results of statistical analysis of partial-efficiency measures, according to the standard net return of the water unit came summer crops in the new lands, were as follows: potatoes, tomatoes, watermelon, cucumber, eggplant, pepper. The results in general indicated the necessaries of reconsidering the present structure of cropping pattern to increase the efficiency of irrigation water use.
  • Authors:
    • Pereira, L. S.
    • Alves, I.
    • Fernando, R. M.
    • Rodrigues, G. C.
    • Paredes, P.
    • Rosa, R. D.
    • Allen, R. G.
  • Source: Agricultural Water Management
  • Volume: 103
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: This paper is the second of a two-part series, with the first part describing the SIMDualKc model, an irrigation scheduling simulation tool that employs the dual crop coefficient approach for calculating daily crop ET and then performs a water balance for a cropped soil. The model was applied, calibrated and validated for rainfed and basin irrigated maize (Coruche. Portugal), rainfed and surface irrigated wheat (Aleppo, Syria), and furrow irrigated cotton (Fergana, Central Asia). Results show good agreement between available soil water content observed in the field and that predicted by the model. Results indicate that the calibrated model does not tend to over- or underestimate available soil water over the course of a season, and that the model, prior to calibration, and using standard values for many parameters, also performed relatively well. After calibration, the average growing season maximum estimation errors were 10 mm for maize, 8 mm for winter wheat and 9 mm for cotton, i.e., respectively 3.6, 2.9 and 5.0% of total available water. Results indicate that the separation between evaporation and transpiration and the water balance calculation procedures are accurate enough for use in operational water management. The indicators used for assessing model performance show the model to accurately simulate the water balance of several crops subjected to a variety of irrigation management practices and various climate conditions. In addition, the model was applied to alternative irrigation management scenarios and related results are discussed aiming at assessing the model's ability to support the development of alternative active water management strategies.
  • Authors:
    • Hekmat, M.
    • Sahebi, F. G.
    • Pourkhiz, E.
  • Source: International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development (IJAMAD)
  • Volume: 2
  • Issue: 2
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: To evaluate the effect of water, tape drip and furrow irrigation methods on the performance components and features of Agria cultivar potato, an experiment was carried out in the agriculture faculty of Kermanshah. Repeated three times, this study was carried out in the form of full random blocks with the main factor of different amounts of irrigation water in three levels (50, 75, and100 percent of cumulative evaporation from an A-class evaporation pan) and the secondary factor of irrigation method (including drip and furrow irrigations). At 3 repetitions, results showed that the minimum performance (19.168 tons per hectare) was related to the drip irrigation method with 50 percent evaporation from the A-class pan and the maximum one (34.455 tons per hectare) was related to the drip irrigation method with 100 percent evaporation from the A-class pan. The rate of irrigation and effectiveness of method on the number of the main stem per square meter and number of the main stem in the bush were not significant. The minimum percent (number of tubers) of tubers smaller than 35 mm (26.47 percent) and the maximum tuber production (37.17 percent) in the size of food and market-friendly (tuber bigger than 55 mm) were attained by drip irrigation method with 100 percent evaporation from the A-class pan. The impact of Irrigation method on and the specific gravity of tubers and starch (dry matter) was and was not significant, respectively.
  • Authors:
    • Santana, J. A. D. V.
    • Carvalho, G. C.
    • Machado, V. V.
    • Daniel, R.
    • Coelho, E. F.
    • Coelho Filho, M. A.
    • Sampaio, A. H. R.
    • Santana Junior, E. B.
  • Source: Acta Horticulturae
  • Issue: 928
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: The management of irrigation using partial root drying (PRD) was tested in an orchard of 'Tahiti' lime in the semi-arid conditions of Iacu, BA. Six treatments were evaluated: T1, T2, T3 (50% ETc PRD) with plants irrigated by a microsprinklers with its position alternating every 7, 14 or 21 days, respectively, and wetting on opposite sides of the root system; T4 (DI 50% ETc) irrigation was fixed on one side using one emitter per plant, T5 (100% ETc) was the control treatment using two microsprinklers per plant in a fixed position. In T6, at each interval of 21 days, one and two micro-sprinklers were alternatively used per plant. Results demonstrated significant differences in fruit production by the Scott Knott test (p