• Authors:
    • Miah, M. N. A.
    • Paul, G. C.
    • Siddique, M. A. B.
    • Amanullah, A. S. M.
  • Source: Pakistan Sugar Journal
  • Volume: 26
  • Issue: 3
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: An experiment was conducted at Regional Sugarcane Research Station (RSRS). Thakurgaon during 2005-06 and 2006-07 cropping seasons to asses effects of different levels of irrigation and split application of N-K fertilizers in sugarcane (var. Isd 36) intercropped with potato (var. Diamond). The intercrop, potato received recommended fertilizer as usual. Application of Urea and Potash (N-K fertilizers) in two splits (B 1) produced highest number of tiller, millable cane and also highest yield in both levels of irrigation in both years. Though the difference was not significant over B 2 and B 3. But irrigation level A 1 (Six light irrigation with 65 mm effective rainfall) had significant difference over A 2 (five comparatively deep irrigation with same effective rainfall). Highest number of tiller (215.3*10 3 ha -1), millable cane (114.7*10 3 ha -1) and cane yield (109.9 t ha -1) were produced by the treatment B 1 under A 1 level of irrigation in the crop year 2006-07. Hence split application of N-K fertilizers with two equal splits applied at plantation and at 145 days after plantation and also light irrigation, 6 to 7 number with total amount of 460-500 mm including effective rainfall may be preferred for loamy and sandy loam soils.
  • Authors:
    • Skaggs, K. E.
    • Irmak, S.
  • Source: Transactions of the ASABE
  • Volume: 54
  • Issue: 3
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: The lack of knowledge and data on the driving forces of nighttime (nocturnal) evapotranspiration (ET) for various vegetation surfaces under different climatic and management conditions led this study to investigate the magnitude of nighttime ET (ET night) and its interactions with other nighttime surface energy fluxes, i.e., soil heat flux (G night), sensible heat flux (H night), and net radiation (R n_night), and microclimatic variables, i.e., wind speed at 3 m (u 3_night), vapor pressure deficit (VPD night), and air temperature (T night). Soybean [( Glycine max (L.) Merr.)] canopies under two different irrigation methods in subsurface drip- and center-pivot irrigated (SDI and CP) fields in south central Nebraska were studied. Hourly energy flux and meteorological data from the SDI field for the 2007 and 2008 seasons and from the CP field for 2008 were analyzed. The study period was divided into five sub-periods based on plant and canopy development to evaluate nighttime energy balances and driving forces at various plant growth and development stages. The five sub-periods are: pre-planting (from mid-March to plant emergence, EM), early season (from emergence to full canopy cover, leaf area index, LAI
  • Authors:
    • Sediyama, G. C.
    • Moura, M. S. B. de
    • Souza, L. S. B. de
    • Silva, T. G. F. da
  • Source: Bragantia
  • Volume: 70
  • Issue: 3
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: This study aimed to analyze the productivity, the water use efficiency, and the economical viability for corn and cowpea crops on single and intercropping systems in the Brazilian semiarid region. The experiment was carried out at Petrolina, State of Pernambuco. The crops, in different planting systems (single and intercropping), underwent the five blades of irrigation, applied at the flowering stage of cowpea to 40 days after sowing. Combining the settings of cultivation system and the different depths of irrigation, crops of maize and cowpea were subjected to 15 different treatments. To evaluate the performance of crops in the different treatments indicators that consider the production response of crops and the performance of the application of water in the production system were used. The grain yield responses of maize and cowpea to the soil water content were reduced in intercropped plantations, in relation to single cropping. Even so, in economic terms, the adoption of maize-cowpea proved to be more advantageous in all treatments.
  • Authors:
    • Tadesse, T.
    • Narumalani, S.
    • Wardlow, B. D.
    • Swain, S.
    • Callahan, K.
  • Source: GIScience & Remote Sensing
  • Volume: 48
  • Issue: 3
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: Eight-day composite Terra-MODIS cumulative LST and NDVI timeseries data were used to analyze the responses of crop and grassland cover types to drought in Nebraska. Four hundred ninety 1 km pixels that included irrigated and non-irrigated corn and soybeans and three grassland cover types were selected across the state of Nebraska. Statistical analyses revealed that the majority of the land cover pixels experienced significantly higher daytime and nighttime LSTs and lower NDVI during the drought-year growing season ( p
  • Authors:
    • Thankamani, C. K.
    • Ashokan, P. K.
  • Source: Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Sciences
  • Volume: 33
  • Issue: 3
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: An investigation on effect of different drip irrigation levels on growth, yield, nutrient uptake and dry matter partitioning of bush pepper grown in coconut garden was carried out Six drip irrigation schedules were compared with daily pot irrigation at the rate of 10 l per plant (control). The treatment consists seven, drip irrigation 2 liters per day (October-May), drip irrigation 4 liters per day (October-May), drip irrigation 8 liters per day (October-May), drip irrigation 12 liters per day (October-May), drip irrigation 16 liters per day (October-May), drip irrigation 16 liters per day (October-March) and control. Among the treatments highest yield was recorded by the treatment drip irrigation 8 liters per day (October-May). The total yield and dry matter production was lesser at lower levels of drip irrigation. Dry weight of stem, leaves and total dry matter production were higher for the treatments drip 8, 12,16 l/plant from October-May compared to pot irrigation. Uptake of nutrients were significantly influenced by drip irrigation levels and maximum uptake was recorded by the treatment drip irrigation 8 l/day followed by the treatment 161 drip (October-May).
  • Authors:
    • Abraham, T.
    • Thenua, O. V. S.
    • Sharma, U. C.
  • Source: INDIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
  • Volume: 81
  • Issue: 8
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: The performance of sole Indian mustard, sole chickpea, and chickpea + Indian mustard (4:1) intercropping as affected by irrigation (irrigation at the pre-flowering stage, pod formation stage, or pre-flowering stage and pod formation stage of chickpea) and NPS rate (20:40:10 or 40:60:20 kg/ha, or the recommended 20:60:20 kg/ha) was studied in Bulandshar, Uttar Pradesh, India, during the rabi seasons of 2005-06 and 2006-07. In 2005-06, chickpea + Indian mustard exhibited greater dry matter accumulation than the other cropping systems; in 2005-06, the variation among the cropping systems was not significant. Irrigation twice on the first year and irrigation once on the second year resulted in greater dry matter accumulation. Among the fertilizer treatments, the recommended NPS rates registered the greatest dry matter accumulation. Sole Indian mustard exhibited the greatest N, P and S extraction. Irrigation at the pod filling stage and irrigation at the pre-flowering and pod formation stages resulted in the greatest N, P and S uptake. The sole Indian mustard had a higher yield than the intercropped Indian mustard. In general, irrigation at the pod filling stage enhanced the yield by 12% compared to the other irrigation regimes. The recommended fertilizer rates also gave the highest seed yield. The highest chickpea equivalent yields were obtained with intercropping, irrigation twice, and application of the recommended fertilizer rates. Chickpea + Indian mustard intercropping recorded the highest net return and cost:benefit ratio.
  • Authors:
    • Liu, T.
    • Yang, X. K.
    • Zhang, H. B.
    • Zhan, Y.
    • Tian, H. Y.
  • Source: Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
  • Volume: 48
  • Issue: 11
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: Objective: Xinjiang has a continental climate and irrigated oasis agriculture. Soybean sowing acreage has been expanded year by year, so its yield gradually increased. No doubt, the development of soybean production in Xinjiang is becoming more and more important. Soybean yield traits are dependant on plant height, stem section number, pod number per plant, grains per plant, grain weight and other forms. At the same time, yield is also a composite character, decided by plant height, stem section number, pod number per plant, grains per plant, kernel weight, and many other factors. This paper aims to study the correlation between the yield of the main soybean cultivars and their yield traits so as to provide a reference index for breeding or improving new varieties in Xinjiang. Method: Gray correlation analysis of eight cultivars planted in 2010 in Shihezi area, Northern Xinjiang was conducted in this paper. Conclusion: Soybean production yield traits associated with major degrees from high to low is shown as follows: kernel weight > plant grains > stem section number > number of pods per plant > plant height. The result has practical significance for setting the goals of breeding or improving soybean varieties.
  • Authors:
    • Xu, W. L.
    • Feng, Y. Z.
    • Jang, Y. L.
    • Rao, X. J.
    • Wang, Z. G.
  • Source: Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences
  • Volume: 48
  • Issue: 12
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: Objective: The purpose of this project is to study the effects of different irrigation models of jujube-cotton intercropping in ecological areas on the temperature and humidity and determine the ecological result of different irrigation models to the environment in order to provide some scientific basis for optimum water-saving irrigation model for jujube-cotton intercropping. Method: Three EL-USB automatic measuring system of temperature and humidity was established in the different positions in treatment 1 - jujube garden, treatment 2 - double water pipes in one line, treatment 3 - spray, treatment 4 - ditch irrigation, treatment 5 - cotton, EL-USB automatic measuring system of temperature and humidity of different distances from tree row to be monitored for 3 days in a row. Result: Effects of east-to-west jujube row on micro-ecological areas temperature are: the south of Jujube > the north of Jujube > Jujube row, and humidity: jujube row > The north of Jujube > The south of jujube; There was a negative linear correlation between humidity and temperature. Effects of different irrigation models on micro-ecological areas temperature of Jujube-cotton intercropping are: treatment 5 > treatment 1 > treatment 4 > treatment 3 > treatment 2, and humidity: treatment 2 > treatment 3 > treatment 4 > treatment 1 > treatment 5. Conclusion: Results showed that the crown shading of a east-to-west jujube row affected micro-ecological area temperature and humidity differently with different directions from tree row. Generally, temperature is the south of Jujube > the north of jujube > jujube row. There was a negative linear correlation between humidity and temperature. The temperature of jujube-cotton intercropping is lower than that of the single cotton model, but the humidity is higher. The treatment of spray and the treatment of double water pipes influence temperature and humidity greatly, which was advantageous to increase the jujube fruit setting rate.
  • Authors:
    • Dobermann, A. R.
    • Shapiro, C. A.
    • Tarkalson, D. D.
    • Wortmann, C. S.
    • Ferguson, R. B.
    • Hergert, G. W.
    • Walters, D.
  • Source: Agronomy Journal
  • Volume: 103
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is of economic and environmental importance. Components of NUE were evaluated at in 32 irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) trials conducted across Nebraska with different N rates and where the previous crop was either corn (CC), drybean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (CD), or soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (CS). The mean grain yield with adequate nutrient availability was 14.7 Mg ha -1 When no N was applied, measured soil properties and irrigation water N accounted for <20% of the variation in plant nitrogen uptake (UN). Mean fertilizer N recovery in aboveground biomass was 74% at the lowest N rate compared with 40% at the highest N rate, a mean of 64% at the economically optimal nitrogen rate (EONR), and least with CD. Agronomic efficiency of fertilizer N averaged 29 kg grain kg(-1) N at EONR and was also least with CD. Partial factor productivity of N averaged 100 kg grain kg(-1) N at EONR, and was greater with CS compared with CC and CD. Aft er harvest, residual soil nitrate nitrogen (RSN) in the 0- to 1.2-m depth ranged from 21 to 121 kg ha(-1) and increased with N rate. Mean RSN was 88, 59, and 59 kg ha(-1) for CD, CC, and CS, respectively. High corn yields can be achieved with high NUE and low RSN by management to maximize profitability in consideration of yield potential, and by applying N at the right amount and time.
  • Authors:
    • Chai, Q.
    • Huang, G. B.
    • Yang, C. H.
    • Luo, Z. X.
  • Source: Field Crops Research
  • Volume: 124
  • Issue: 3
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: A field experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of alternate irrigation (AI) on the yield, water use and water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/maize (Zea mays L.) intercropping system in an oasis region of northwest China in 2006-2008. Three planting patterns, i.e., sole wheat, sole maize and wheat/maize intercropping. Three irrigation levels were applied for each treatment during 3 years. Results showed that land use efficiency of wheat and maize was significantly enhanced by intercropping system; land equivalent ratio (LER) of wheat/maize intercropping system in different treatments was all greater than 1.0. Moreover, significant difference in grain yield was observed between intercropping treatment and sole cropping treatment, in which the yield of intercropped wheat was 55.37-74.88% of sole wheat, and intercropped maize was 66.63-78.87% of sole maize. Wheat/maize intercropping treatments increased water use by 1.8-16.4% than half of the total water use of sole-cropping wheat and maize. Compared to sole cropping wheat treatments, wheat/maize intercropping with alternate irrigation significantly improved water use efficiency (WUE) by 30.5-57.7%, 55.5-71.4% and 12.0-19.8%, and increased by 32.7-37.8%, 9.5-15.8% and 4.0-20.8% than sole cropping maize treatments in 2006-2008, respectively. Our results suggest that AI should be a useful water-saving irrigation method on wheat/maize intercropping in arid oasis field where intercropping planting is decreased because of limited water resource.