• Authors:
    • Postolache, A.
  • Source: Lucrari Stiintifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole Si Medicina Veterinara "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi
  • Volume: 54
  • Issue: 2
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: Consumption needs for agricultural and food products evolve with the economic and social development. Providing optimum standards of food consumption is a difficult problem because of influences of different factors, including diversity and mobility needs of the consumer and the great variety of possibilities to meet them. For local producers to compete with producers of other districts and particularly those of foreign markets with competitive bidding, local producers must be to develop new elements of competitiveness (Brands, marketing innovations, supply services, adapting to the single market, major investment efforts, etc.). And adapt quality standards in production and marketing. This paper aims to analyze the results of the production of cereal grains in related communities perirbane area of Iasi in the period 2009-2011 as well as highlighting research on culture and territorial distribution of cereal grains in the same area. The analyze of the indicator' system pointed out that in Iasi, corn is the best profitable culture, followed by: barley, wheat, rye and oat.
  • Authors:
    • Mikkola, H.
    • Rajaniemi, M.
    • Ahokas, J.
  • Source: Agronomy Research
  • Volume: 9
  • Issue: Special Issue I
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: The aim of this study was to analyze greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from oats, barley, spring wheat and rye production in Finland. The GHG emissions were analyzed in a conventional production chain, direct drilling chain and reduced tillage chain. The greenhouse gases were analyzed per kilogram grain (kg CO 2-eq. kg -1) and hectare (kg CO 2-eq. ha -1). The main part of the GHG emissions of the grain production chain originated from fertilizer manufacturing and soil. Soil emissions were a result of using N-fertilizer which induced N 2O emission and liming which induced CO 2-emission. GHG emissions from soil were about half of all emissions of grain production. Therefore, the N-fertilizer application rate had a strong direct and indirect effect on the GHG emissions. Wheat (2,330 kg CO 2-eq. ha -1) and rye (2,270 kg CO 2-eq. ha -1) had higher GHG emissions per hectare than oats and barley. The main reason for this was the higher application rate of N-fertilizer. The emissions of oats and barley were 1,800 and 1,930 kg CO 2-eq. ha -1. The yield had a strong impact on the emissions per kilogram of grain. Oats (570 g CO 2-eq. kg -1), barley (570 g CO 2-eq. kg -1) and wheat (590 g CO 2-eq. kg -1) had lower greenhouse emissions than rye. A low grain yield together with high N-fertilizer application rate caused higher greenhouse gas emission for rye (870 g CO 2-eq. kg -1). Direct drilling and reduced tillage resulted in some lower GHG emissions than conventional tillage. However, differences between production chains were minor.
  • Authors:
    • Kulig, B.
    • Ropek, D.
  • Source: Progress in Plant Protection
  • Volume: 51
  • Issue: 3
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: The occurrence and harmfulness of pest in field bean cultivated in pure sowing and in faba bean mixed with naked oat was evaluated in field experiment carried out in 2006-2008. Faba bean plants in pure sowing were more severely infested with Aphis fabae and Bruchus rufimanus than in intercrops. The cultivation method had only slight effect on the occurrence of pea weevil. It is recommended to sow faba bean in mixture with naked oat in organic farms.
  • Authors:
    • Amarante, I.
    • Machado, J.
    • Fontaneli, R.
    • Santos, H.
  • Source: Pesquisa Agropecuaria Gaucha
  • Volume: 17
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: The effects of soil management systems and crop rotation on sorghum yield characteristics agronomic were evaluated during the period 2003/04 to 2010/11 at EmbrapaTrigo, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil. Four soil management systems: (1) no tillage, (2) minimum tillage, conventional tillage using a disk plow and a disk harrow, and (4) conventional using a moldboard and a disk harrow; and three crop rotation system I (wheat/soybean), system II (wheat/soybean and common vetch/sorghum), and system III (wheat/soybean, white oats/soybean and common vetch/sorghum) were compared. An experimental design of blocks at random, with split-plots and three replications, was used. The main plot was formed by the soil management systems, while the split-plot constituted of the crop rotation systems. Minimum tillage and no-tillage presented higher yield of sorghum, while conventional tillage using a moldboard plow remained in intermediate position and tillage using disk plow the lowest yield of sorghum. The yield of sorghum grown after common vetch in system II was higher than yield obtained for sorghum after common vetch in system I. No significant differences were observed in sorghum characteristics agronomic as a result of soil management and crop rotation systems.
  • Authors:
    • Brazhnikova, T.
    • Shpakov, A.
  • Source: Kormoproizvodstvo
  • Issue: 10
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: The article presents the main results of research into productivity and nutritive qualities of grain forage of winter wheat, winter rye, winter triticale, barley, and oats, on sodpodzolic soils in the Central natural and economical area.
  • Authors:
    • Ilievski, M.
    • Spasov, D.
    • Spasova, D.
    • Atanasova, B.
  • Source: Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry
  • Volume: 27
  • Issue: 3, Book 2
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: In the period 2005-2007 trials with five oats populations ( Krivogastani, Trebenishta, Radolishta, Bugarija, Kuceviste) and three oats varieties ( Rajac, Slavuj and Lovcen), were carried out. The trials were set up in conditions of organic and conventional production. The main objective of this investigation was to determine the differences in some morphological characteristics of the tested genotypes, which directly or indirectly affect the yield, and also, to determine the differences that came up as a result of the different systems of production (conventional and organic production). The average height of the oats plant cultivated in organic production (114,4 cm) was higher absolutely by 2,2 cm or relatively by 2.0% than the height of the oats plantcultivated in conventional production. The system of production showed no effect on the length of the panicle. The yield of oats grain by panicle in organic production (3,30 g) was higher absolutely by 0,3 g or relatively by 9.1% than the yield of oats grain by panicle in conventional production (3,0 g). The system of production did not impact significantly on the percentage of the glumes. The lowest percentage of glumes in both systems of production gave variety Rajac.
  • Authors:
    • Costa, M.
    • Castoldi, G.
    • Pivetta, L.
    • Steiner, F.
    • Costa, L.
  • Source: Revista Brasileira de Ciencias Agrarias
  • Volume: 6
  • Issue: 3
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: The organic carbon is a major component of the soil organic matter, and its stock is influenced by the type of management system used. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two cropping systems, with and without cover crop rotation, associated to three fertilization sources (mineral, organic and mineral+organic) in the organic and residual carbon contents of an Oxisol, in no-tillage system. Soil samples were collected at 0.0-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m depth in the first, second and third years of the experiment, installed in 2006. The crops sequence in the rotation system with cover crops was oat+vetch+turnip/corn/wheat/mucuna+brachiaria+crotalaria/corn/soybean, and in the following system it was wheat/corn/wheat/soybean/corn/soybean. The organic and mineral+organic fertilizers consisted in the sole application of organic fertilizers and combined with mineral fertilizer. The organic and residual carbon contents were not affected by the different cropping systems. The organic and mineral+organic fertilizers promoted increases in the organic and residual carbon contents. The system of crop succession fertilized with mineral fertilizer resulted in higher losses of soil carbon.
  • Authors:
    • Inglett, G.
    • Stevenson, D.
  • Source: Oats: chemistry and technology
  • Issue: Ed.2
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: This chapter reviews the processes developed to produce oat-based functional food ingredients, with special emphasis on those with enhanced health benefits. The processes discussed in this chapter have been divided into six groups based upon the fractionation methodology utilized. The first five, involving soluble fibre, are dry-milling operations, organic-solvent extractions, aqueous extractions, enzyme processes, and extraction methods utilizing acid/base conditions or temperature. The last is for cellulosic-based oat fibres. In addition to the process descriptions, information is provided on the functionality and applications of the end products.
  • Authors:
    • Tendziagolska, E.
    • Wacawowicz, R.
  • Source: Progress in Plant Protection
  • Volume: 51
  • Issue: 3
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: The objective of the studies was to assess the changes in weed seedbank over 5-year period. Two terms were considered in the experiment: (1) soil preparation for organic farming (2004-2005) and organic plant cultivation with crop rotation (2005-2008). Three variants of cereal crop sequence (A - oats - winter rye, B - oats - spring triticale, C - spring triticale - spring triticale) were included in two-year period of conversion. Over the three years of organic cultivation, a significant increase of weed species diversity in each examined layer was observed in comparison with seed species number determined after soil conversion. Strongly dominant species in both terms of the study was Chenopodium album, which has declined in its number over three years of the organic cultivation. Among the weed species, which did not appear during conversion but have appeared after organic cultivation Erigeron canadensis was noted in the highest number.
  • Authors:
    • Trond M. Henriksen, T. M.
    • Anne-Kristin Løes, A.-K.
    • Sjursen, H.
    • Ragnar Eltun, R.
  • Source: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil & Plant Science
  • Volume: 61
  • Issue: 2
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: By restricted access to manure, nitrogen (N) supply in organic agriculture relies on biological N-fixation. This study compares grain yields after one full-season green manure (FSGM) to yields with repeated use of a green-manure catch crop. At two sites in south-eastern Norway, in a simple 4-year rotation (oats/wheat/oats/wheat), the repeated use of ryegrass, clover, or a mixture of ryegrass and clover as catch crops was compared with an FSGM established as a catch crop in year 1. The FSGM treatments had no subsequent catch crops. In year 5, the final residual effects were measured in barley. The yield levels were about equal for grains with no catch crop and a ryegrass catch crop. On average, the green-manure catch crops increased subsequent cereal yields close to 30%. The FSGM increased subsequent cereal yields significantly in two years, but across the rotation the yields were comparable to those of the treatments without green-manure catch crop. To achieve acceptable yields under Norwegian conditions, more than 25% of the land should be used for full-season green manure, or this method combined with green-manure catch crops. The accumulated amount of N in aboveground biomass in late autumn did not compensate for the N removed by cereal yields. To account for the deficiency, the roots of the green-manure catch crops would have to contain about 60% of the total N (tot-N) required to balance the cereal yields. Such high average values for root N are likely not realistic to achieve. However, measurement of biomass in late autumn may not reflect all N made available to concurrent or subsequent main crops.