• Authors:
    • Gupta, U. S.
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: This volume looks at the use of crops for a myriad of purposes, including the prevention and/or mitigation of various diseases, vaccine and antigen production, biofuel production, and the the suppression of weeds. It explores new emnphasis on medicinal properties of crops and examines the use of genetic engineering in crop production. The crops discussed include: rice, wheat, barley, oat, rye, maize, sorghum, potato, sweet potato, cassava, Phaseolus beans, Vigna sp., broad bean, chickpea, tomato, broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, bitter gourd, pumpkin, spinach, onion, soyabean, groundnut, oilseed Brassica, sunflower, sugarcane, cotton, and tobacco.
  • Authors:
    • Farajzadeh, N.
    • Yarnia, M.
    • Tabrizi, E. F. M.
    • Ahmadzadeh, V.
  • Source: Annals of Biological Research
  • Volume: 2
  • Issue: 5
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: Potato tuber products that has an important role in feeding the world with annual production of 31 million tons of food products is important and different types of soil and climatic conditions is growing culture. Potato after wheat, rice and corn for the fourth position and the number of producing countries is in the second after the corn. A factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted during growing season of 2009 at Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch, Agricultural Research Station. Treatments including: irrigation of 70 (control), 110, 150 mm evaporation from basin class A and different varieties of potato, including (Agria, Satyna, Savalan, Kaizr and Markis) respectively. The results showed that water stress decreased yield and lowest yield was in cultivar Markis with 150 mm of irrigation water evaporation basin level and most resistant cultivars in the rate of tuber production with 10.68 numbers has been obtained Satyna. Equivalent of 96.12 percent increase than sensitive cultivars. Therefore aim of this study reaction of different cultivars of potato on different traits.
  • Authors:
    • Wierzbicka, A.
  • Source: Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering
  • Volume: 56
  • Issue: 4
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: The aim of the study was to assess the dry matter, starch, vitamin C, glycoalkaloids and nitrates content in potato tubers from organic system cultivated in light, sandy soil of IHAR Jadwisin (Mazovia). The objective of this work was to evaluate the tuber chemical composition of 8 cultivars of potatoes under the influence of the irrigation. Irrigation had no effect on dry matter, starch and vitamin C, but significantly affected glycoalkaloids and nitrates. The study showed a significant effect of variety and years of research on the content of dry matter, starch, vitamin C, nitrates and glicoalkaloids. Genotypic differences were the most evident in the case of nitrates and glycoalkaloids content. Under the influence of irrigation decreased the nitrate content and increased content of glycoalkaloids.
  • Authors:
    • Jin, L. P.
    • Pang, W. F.
    • Duan, S. G.
    • Bian, C. S.
    • Liu, J.
    • Xu, J. F.
  • Source: Chinese Potato Journal
  • Volume: 25
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: Drought stress (DS) is considered to be one of main constraints of potato ( Solanum tuberosum) production. A pot trial with a total of 42 potato varieties was conducted in a rain-proofed shed in Hebei, China, to evaluate their drought tolerance (DT) under two water regimes (well irrigated and DS). Under DS conditions, some varieties, such as Hutou, Gaoyuan 7, CE 66 and HS 66, showed good DT. Gaoyuan 7 and Hutou maintained higher tuber yield even under the DS, and so they could be applied for the DT breeding. Plant height was sensitive to drought, but the drought had less effect on plant height of the varieties with strong DT. Drought conditions induced an increase in the tuber number of varieties with strong DT, and a decrease in the number of varieties with weak DT. The specific gravity of tubers was insignificantly affected by the drought. The ratio of variable to maximum chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) changed insignificantly under DS, but the effective quantum yield (qY) of leaves decreased sharply.
  • Authors:
    • Zarzynska, K.
  • Source: BIULETYN INSTYTUTU HODOWLI I AKLIMATYZACJI ROŚLIN
  • Issue: 259
  • Year: 2011
  • Summary: The investigation, carried out in the years 2008-2009, aimed an assessment of effects of four factors: place of growing, irrigation, presprouting of seed potatoes and use of effective microorganisms on marketable quality of potatoes grown under organic farming system. Eight cultivars, representing different earliness groups, were tested. Genotype had the largest influence on occurrence of external and internal tuber disorders. The place of growing (soil type) affected occurrence of common scab, black scurf, deformations and rust spot. Drip irrigation reduced incidence of common scab, tuber deformations and rust spot. Presprouting of seed potatoes and effective microorganisms exerted the smallest influence on the marketable tuber quality.
  • Authors:
    • Marghitas,M.
    • Rusu,M.
    • Toader,C.
    • Mihai,M.
  • Source: Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca
  • Volume: 67
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2010
  • Summary: In our country, potato is a highly important national crop, as a basic food element (almost the population's second bread), while for the Apuseni Mountains area, potato holds the highest percentage and at the same time represents an essential food for locals and their animals, as a paramount food support of the population in the area. Its specific renders this crop as a highly demanding species of plant in terms ecologic conditions, humidity and temperature, as well as nutritive elements, as it forms an abundant vegetative mass and a high tuber quantity for the surface unit. It is a highly consuming nitrogen, potassium, magnesium and calcium plant, as well as with respect to macroelements. Once the potato is harvested, the export of mineral elements from the soil is high, thus determining the rapid soil depletion and demanding for a suitable fertilization of potato crop, adequate to the household system specific to the mountain area. Numerous research conducted in the area under study reveal the fact that, from a pedoclimatic point of view, there are good and very good conditions for potato crop, considering the climatic abnormalities in the last period. But the severity of the climatic impact varies from one region to another and exerts a serious effect on agriculture. In this highly important sector, climate changes would influence crop harvest, animal breeding and location of production. The increased probability and severity of weather events will considerably increase the risk of crop calamities. The climate change will exert an influence on the soil, by decreasing the organic matter content - a major contributor to soil fertility. In this context, considering the basic occupation of locals in the area, especially animal breeding, a large quantity of organic fertilizers is used and by meas of their rational employment, they represent the main fertilization source of crops in the area, recovery and maintenance of soil fertility. Alongside being the basic food product of population in the area, the importance of potato increases once the altitude of the area also increases, being used as fodder for animal husbandry, due to the fact that the assortment of cultivated plants is limited to potato, rye, oat, some fruit trees, certain vegetables, while the rest of the surfaces is covered with natural pastureland and forests. In this respect, potato covers the largest surface, as corn hybrids, even early ones do not manage to reach maturity in this mountain area.
  • Authors:
    • Toader, C.
    • Rusu, M.
    • Marghitas, M.
    • Mihai, M.
  • Source: Research Journal of Agricultural Science
  • Volume: 42
  • Issue: 3
  • Year: 2010
  • Summary: The paper emphasizes the effect of organo-mineral fertilizer application on tuber production and the content of the main mineral elements in the Semenic potato variety, under crops in the mountain region, Romania, in a rather harsh natural environment characterized by a damp and cold climate and the low quality of soils in the area. From a nutritional point of view, potato is considered a high-demand plant in terms of nutritive elements, as it forms and abundant plant mass and a high tuber quantity for the surface unit. It is a highly-consuming in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium, as well as microelements. The mineral element uptake in the soils for potato crop is high, thus determining the quick soil impoverishment and requiring the proper fertilization of potato crop, which is adequate to the specific management system in the mountain area. Known as the basic occupation of the locals in the area, especially in animal breeding, thus obtaining a large quantity of organic fertilizers that, through a rational employment represent the main fertilizing source for crops in the area. The cultivated assortment of crops in the area is limited to potato, lye, oat, certain fruit-trees and vegetables, while the rest of lands are covered with natural pastures and forests. For this assortment, potato shows the highest percentage, as it is an essential food product for locals and their animals, as the basic food support of people in the area. The organic matter formed in the soil on the basis of natural fertilizers positively influences the soil's physical traits, contributes to the decrease of wind and water erosion, diminishes nutrition imbalances and enhances the effect of mineral fertilizers applied to complete the necessary of nutritional elements for plants. The paper aims at a correct assessment of the organomineral fertilizer requirement on the basis of the uptake of the main nutritive elements in the soil alongside the harvests and the relevant values, agrochemical indices of the soil, towards maintaining and enhancing soil fertility in the mountain area.
  • Authors:
    • Trawczynski, C.
  • Source: Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering
  • Volume: 55
  • Issue: 4
  • Year: 2010
  • Summary: The aim of this investigation was to determine balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in organic crop rotation system on light soil. The crop rotation comprised following agricultural plant species: potato, oat, yellow lupine, rye, phacelia. Apart from these main species 3 plants were cultivated as intercrop: field pea, white mustard, serradella. Before potato cultivation the manure in dose of 25 t.ha -1 was applied. The calculations were based on real data of obtained yields and nutrients content in the yields. The "on surface of field" method was used in this investigation. In the crop rotation positive balance of nitrogen (+20,4 kg N.ha -1 per year -1) and slightly negative one for phosphorus (-3,1 kg P.ha -1 per year -1) and potassium (-4,5 kg K.ha -1 per year -1) were noted.
  • Authors:
    • Somendra, N.
    • Anand, K.
    • Tripathi, A.
  • Source: Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences
  • Volume: 80
  • Issue: 2
  • Year: 2010
  • Summary: A field experiment was carried out during winter ( rabi) seasons of 2003-04 and 2004-05 at Kanpur to find out the production potential and economic viability of winter maize ( Zea mays L.) intercropped with potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.), Indian mustard [ Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. & Cosson], toria ( Brassica campestris var. toria), pea ( Pisum sativum L. sensulato), linseed ( Linum usitatissimum L.) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) for central plain zone of Uttar Pradesh. Values of land equivalent ratio (LER) and area-time equivalent ratio (ATER) with all the intercropping systems were greater indicating advantage in yield, land-use efficiency and monetary return/unit time and space over the respective monocultures. All the intercrops with maize recorded significantly higher maize-equivalent yield than the sole crop. Intercropping of maize with potato was more advantageous than the other intercrops. Maize+potato appeared to be biologically the most efficient and economically viable system giving the highest maize grain yield (6 091 kg/ha), maize-equivalent yield (13 792 kg/ha), production efficiency (276.1%), land equivalent ratio (2.14), area-time equivalent ratio (1.91), monetary advantage (Rs 39 017) and net realization (Rs 32 369/ha), followed by maize+pea. Indian mustard, toria and wheat were found non-compatible with winter maize.
  • Authors:
    • Shrikant, C.
    • Urkurkar, J.
    • Alok, T.
  • Source: Indian Journal of Agronomy
  • Volume: 55
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2010
  • Summary: Field experiments were conducted at Raipur in Inceptisols between 2003-04 and 2007-08 to compare organic, integrated and chemical fertilizer nutrient inputs pakages in scented rice ( Oryza sativa L.) - potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) a high value cropping system. Seven different nutrient treatments, 5 of them having use of organic inputs and 1 each having integrated (50% through fertilizers and 50% through organic nutrients) and 100% through fertilizers were studied in RBD with 3 replications. Organic transition effect in which decline in yield from 1 to 3 years and again increase in yield was noticeable in rice under organic nutrient inputs packages. These treatments followed a steady increase and registered 20 to 50% more yield at the end of study compared to first year yield i.e. 2003-04. However, effect of different organic inputs packages on potato tuber yield was not stable over the years. Total productivity in terms of rice equivalent yield of the system (13.36 tonne/ha) and total net return (Rs 92,634/kg) was highest with chemical fertilizer treatment closely followed by integrated inputs use. 100% N (1/3 each from cowdung manure, neem cake and composed crop residue) appreciably increased the organic carbon (6.3 g/kg) over initial value (5.8 g/kg). However, availability of P and K did not show any perceptible change after completion of five cropping cycles under organic as well as integrated nutrient approaches.