• Authors:
    • Nayerain-Jazy, A. H.
  • Source: Research on Crops
  • Volume: 13
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: Scientists have found that different soil moisture conditions in different cotton growth stages affect vegetative growth, reproductive development, qualitative and quantitative yield, yield components, boll abscission, maturity and physiological process such as photosynthesis, respiration, assimilate translocation and partitioning and so on. To evaluate effect of irrigation regimes and foliar feeding of micronutrients on some morphological characteristics of cotton plants and cottonseed traits, this experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station owned by Islamic Azad University, Khorasgan Branch in a split plot layout with three replications in 2009. Irrigation treatments were regarded as the main factors and foliar application of micronutrients was applied as sub-factors. Plant height, main stem's node number, number of monopodial and sympodial branches, weight of 100 seeds, cottonseed yield, seed oil and protein percentage and oil yield were calculated and analysis of variance was carried out for all traits on split plot layout based on randomized complete block design. According to the results, effect of irrigation regimes was statistically significant on morphological characteristics at 1% probability level. Foliar feeding of micronutrients had no significant effect just on number of monopodial branches, although, interaction of irrigation regimes and foliar feeding of micronutrients had significant effect just on plant height. Effect of irrigation regimes and foliar feeding of micronutrients on related traits to seed was significant at 1% probability level as well. The greatest 100-seed weight (10.88 g) and seed oil percentage (28.03) were related to irrigation after 80 mm evaporation with three times foliar feeding of micronutrient treatments. Also, the highest amount of oil yield (163.78 kg/ha) was produced in irrigation after 160 mm evaporation with three times foliar feeding of micronutrient treatments.
  • Authors:
    • Wells, R.
    • Edmisten, K. L.
    • Lanier, J. E.
    • Corbett, T.
    • Jordan, D. L.
    • Collins, G. D.
    • Nuti, R. C.
    • Grabow, G. L.
  • Source: Crop Management
  • Issue: March
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: Irrigated cotton acreage is limited in North Carolina. Research was conducted in North Carolina from 2004 to 2007 to define interactions of planting date with either mepiquat chloride application or cultivar under sub-surface drip irrigation or no irrigation. In most instances planting date, cultivar or mepiquat chloride, and irrigation did not interact for seed cotton yield. While main effects of planting date and irrigation were often significant, mepiquat chloride did not affect cotton yield. Cotton response to irrigation and planting date was variable and was generally influenced by annual variability in rainfall. Results from these experiments suggest that sub-surface drip irrigation improves cotton yield stability over the planting dates, mepiquat chloride applications, and cultivars tested. Additionally, cotton response to planting date was independent of irrigation treatment.
  • Authors:
    • Grace, P. R.
    • Ogle, S.
    • Paustian, K.
    • Antle, J.
    • Basso, B.
    • Aggarwal, P. K.
  • Source: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
  • Volume: 146
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: Soil organic carbon sequestration rates over 20 years based on the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) methodology were combined with local economic data to determine the potential for soil C sequestration in wheat-based production systems on the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP). The C sequestration potential of rice-wheat systems of India on conversion to no-tillage is estimated to be 44.1 Mt C over 20 years. Implementing no-tillage practices in maize-wheat and cotton-wheat production systems would yield an additional 6.6 Mt C. This offset is equivalent to 9.6% of India's annual greenhouse gas emissions (519 Mt C) from all sectors (excluding land use change and forestry), or less than one percent per annum. The economic analysis was summarized as carbon supply curves expressing the total additional C accumulated over 20 year for a price per tonne of carbon sequestered ranging from zero to USD 200. At a carbon price of USD 25 Mg C -1, 3 Mt C (7% of the soil C sequestration potential) could be sequestered over 20 years through the implementation of no-till cropping practices in rice-wheat systems of the Indian States of the IGP, increasing to 7.3 Mt C (17% of the soil C sequestration potential) at USD 50 Mg C -1. Maximum levels of sequestration could be attained with carbon prices approaching USD 200 Mg C -1 for the States of Bihar and Punjab. At this carbon price, a total of 34.7 Mt C (79% of the estimated C sequestration potential) could be sequestered over 20 years across the rice-wheat region of India, with Uttar Pradesh contributing 13.9 Mt C.
  • Authors:
    • de Oliveira, F. de A.
    • da S. Soares, L. C.
    • Soares, L. C. da S.
    • Freire, A. G.
    • Oliveira, F. R. A. de
    • Medeiros,J . F. de
    • Oliveira, F. de A. de
    • de Medeiros, J. F.
    • de Oliveira, F. R. A.
  • Source: Revista Ciencia Agronomica
  • Volume: 43
  • Issue: 2
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different salinity levels of irrigation water and seed treated with growth regulator on the yield of cotton. It was used an entirely statistical randomized design, in a factorial scheme 5*2, with four replications. The treatments resulted from the combination of four salinity levels of irrigation water (S 1-0.5; S 2-2.0; S 3-3.5; S 4-5.0 and S 5-6.5 dS m -1) in treated and untreated seeds with growth regulator. The variables were: production of cotton, seed and fiber, 100 seed weight and percentage of fiber. There was not interaction between salinity levels and seed treated. The parameters of cotton production are reduced with the use of water salinity from 3.5 dS m -1, independent of seed treated or not with growth regulators. Agronomic traits 100 seed weight, percentage of fiber and seed cotton production are not influenced by mepiquat chloride. The seed treatment with growth regulator do not affects the adverse effect of salinity.
  • Authors:
    • de Oliveira, F. R. A.
    • de Medeiros, J. F.
    • de Oliveira, F. de A.
    • de A. de Oliveira, F.
    • Freire, A. G.
    • Oliveira, M. K. T. de
    • Oliveira, F. R. A. de
    • Medeiros, J. F. de
    • Oliveira, F. de A. de
    • de Oliveira, M. K. T.
  • Source: Revista Ciência Agronômica
  • Volume: 43
  • Issue: 3
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: This work was carried out to evaluate the effect of irrigation water at different salinity levels, and of seed treatment with plant growth regulator, on the development of the cotton plant. The experimental design used was completely randomized, arranged in a 5*2 factorial scheme with four replications. The treatments resulted from the combinations of five levels of salinity of the irrigation water (S 1-0.5, S 2-2.0, S 3-3.5, S 4-5.0 and 6.5 dS m -1) on seeds, both treated and not treated with growth regulator. The evaluated characteristics were: number of leaves, leaf area, height, dry mass of stems, leaves and vegetative parts, specific leaf area and leaf area ratio. There was an interaction between salinity and seed treatments with mepiquat chloride, but only for leaf area and leaf area ratio. All other characteristics decreased with the increasing salinity of the irrigation water, with greater reductions in leaf area (mean of 65.8%) and dry mass of vegetative parts (64%). Seed treatment with mepiquat chloride affected plant development, independent of salinity.
  • Authors:
    • Misra, R. K.
    • Padhi, J.
    • Payero, J. O.
  • Source: Field Crops Research
  • Volume: 126
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: Plant growth and soil water deficit can vary spatially and temporally in crop fields due to variation in soil properties and/or irrigation and crop management factors. We conducted field experiments with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) over two seasons during 2007-2009 to test if infrared thermography can distinguish systematic variation in deficit irrigation applied to various parts of the field over time. Soil water content was measured with a neutron probe and thermal images of crop plants were taken with a thermal infrared camera. Leaf water potential and stomatal conductance were also measured on selected occasions. All measurements were made at fixed locations within three replicate plots of an irrigation experiment consisting of four soil-water deficit treatments. Canopy temperature related as well with soil water within the root zone of cotton as the stomatal conductance index derived from canopy temperature, but it neglected the effect of local and seasonal variation in environmental conditions. Similarities in the pattern of spatial variation in canopy temperature and soil water over the experimental field indicates that thermography can be used with stomatal conductance index to assess soil water deficit in cotton fields for scheduling of irrigation and to apply water in areas within the field where it is most needed to reduce water deficit stress to the crop. Further confidence with application of infrared thermography can be gained by testing our measurement approach and analysis with irrigation scheduling of other crops. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
  • Authors:
    • Shinde, B. P.
    • Patale, S. W.
  • Source: Adv Pl Sci
  • Volume: 25
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: A study was conducted to determine the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inoculation on growth of cotton grown under well watered and water stressed pot culture conditions. 15 days old cotton seedlings were planted in earthen pots after treatment with or without the AM fungi. Roots were sampled after 45, 90, and 135 days of growth stages to quantify AM fungi. Mycorrhizal colonization was higher in water-stressed plants than well-watered plants. Biomass was higher in mycorrhizal than non-mycorrhizal plants irrespective of water treatments. However the plants irrigated with alternate watering schedule had shown higher biomass and than those treated with daily watering. The improved growth in cotton plants reported here demonstrate the potential of mycorrhizal inoculation to reduce the effects of drought stress and useful for the better performance under stress conditions.
  • Authors:
    • Parhad, V. N.
    • Ramamurthy, V.
    • Patil, N. G.
  • Source: Journal of Cotton Research and Development
  • Volume: 26
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: An experiment was conducted on farmer's field to observe the effects of different drip irrigation regimes on water use efficiencies (WUE) and soil moisture status for cotton variety NHH44 in Vidarbha region during 2001 and 2002. Treatments were based on open pan evaporation approach. The highest cotton yield was obtained from the least irrigation treatment (T 1). WUE ranged from 0.02 kg/ha/mm in the treatment T 5 to 0.34 kg/ha/mm in T 1. The greatest irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) was observed in treatment T 1 (2.26 kg/ha/mm), and the smallest IWUE was in treatment T 5 (0.18 kg/ha/mm) in the experimental years, indicating saving of more than 58 per cent irrigation water. Soil moisture status was below 50 per cent of available water capacity (AWC) for 105 days in 2001 as compared to 135 days in 2002 in T 1 implying that light irrigations in place of 6 cm for the clay soils in this part would be preferable and drainage of excess rainwater could be critical to improve yields.
  • Authors:
    • Pettigrew, W. T.
    • Dowd, M. K.
  • Source: Journal of Cotton Science
  • Volume: 16
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: The value of whole cottonseed and cottonseed products has increased as demand has grown from the dairy and food related industries. Although cottonseed composition has previously been documented to be affected by variety, planting date, and irrigation, interactions between varieties and irrigation regimes have not been adequately described. Six different varieties were planted on two planting dates and grown under irrigated or dryland conditions to document how varieties interacted with irrigation regimes to impact various seed composition traits. Variety was a major source of variation for all the seed composition traits quantified. Individual seed mass variation among varieties could explain some of the seed composition variation observed, particularly for protein. For many of these seed composition traits, variety also interacted statistically with irrigation regimes to impact trait expression. Most seed composition traits of the varieties responded in the same direction to irrigation, but there was sufficient variety variation in the response that significant interactions were produced. 'ST 5599BR' often exhibited a different irrigation response compared to the other varieties, particularly for the different fatty acid components. These results indicate that a pairing of varieties and management practices could be utilized to help achieve desired seed composition traits. Although lint production is the primary economic incentive for cotton producers, improved cottonseed composition offers an important, consistent, and reliable secondary revenue stream for producers.
  • Authors:
    • Pujari, B. T.
    • Halepyati, A. S.
    • Prabhu, G.
    • Desai, B. K.
  • Source: Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences
  • Volume: 25
  • Issue: 2
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: The field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture Farm, Raichur on medium black soil during kharif, 2009 to study the weed management in Bt cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) under irrigation. The results revealed that among the weed management treatments, weed free check recorded significantly higher uptake of nutrients (111.01, 31.21 and 129.11 NPK kg ha -1) and was followed by pendimethalin 38.7 CS (PRE)+quizalofop ethyl 5 EC (POE)+IC and HW at 60 DAS (T 12). With regards to yield and economics, pendimethalin 38.7 CS (PRE)+quizalofop ethyl 5 EC (POE)+IC and HW at 60 DAS (T 12) gave significantly higher seed cotton yield (14.06 q ha -1) and higher gross returns (Rs 35,150 ha -1), net returns (Rs 11,857 ha -1) and BC ratio (1.51).