• Authors:
    • Soomro, B. A.
    • Markhand, G. S.
    • Soomro, M. H.
  • Source: Pakistan Journal of Botany
  • Volume: 44
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: The drought is one of the biggest abiotic stresses for crop production in arid and semi-arid agriculture. Thus it is a challenge for plant scientists to screen and develop the drought tolerant cotton lines. In this study, 31 cotton genotypes/cultivars were evaluated under two irrigation regimes i.e., seven irrigations (Control) and two irrigations (Stress), using split plot design with four replications. The crop growth, yield and some physiological parameters were studied. There were high inter-varietal differences for all the parameters under control as well as drought stress. Although all the varieties for all parameters were significantly affected by drought but however, CRIS-9, MARVI, CRIS-134, CRIS-126, CRIS-337, CRIS-355 and CRIS-377 maintained highest performance for all the parameters studied under high drought conditions.
  • Authors:
    • Diniz, A. A.
    • Oliveira, F. R. A. de
    • Rebouças, J. R. L.
    • Dias, N. da S.
    • Andrade Filho, J.
    • Sousa Neto, O. N.
    • da S. Dias, N.
    • de Oliveira, F. R. A.
  • Source: Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental
  • Volume: 16
  • Issue: 2
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: An experiment was conducted at the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-arid in Mossoro, RN with the aim of evaluating the behavior of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L. race latifolium Hatch) 8H cultivar, in terms of growth when irrigated with treated domestic sewage. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with split plots and in plots were tested dilutions of wastewater [25% - T1, 50% - T2, 75% - T3 and 100% of wastewater - T4 and supply water with mineral fertilizer - T5] in two soils of contrasting textures. Irrigation with wastewater significantly influenced the growth of cotton plants, the rate of emergence, the germination percentage, plant height, stem diameter and leaf area, growing linearly until an optimal dose, as the proportion of use of domestic effluent. The positive effect of the accumulation of nutrient in soil applied by fertigation on the variables studied is also highlighted. The irrigation with treated wastewater can offset conventional fertilization of cotton.
  • Authors:
    • Srinivasan, G.
  • Source: Journal of Cotton Research and Development
  • Volume: 26
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: Field experiment was conducted at Cotton Research Station, Srivilliputtur during 2005-2008 to study the response of summer irrigated cotton to the preceding crop, residue management and INM practices. The results revealed that maize as a preceding crop was advantageous with its stalk incorporated with the highest seed cotton yield of 1573 kg/ha and was comparable with maize as a preceding crop with stalk removed. With regard to INM practices, application of 100 per cent RD of fertilizers+azophos registered the highest seed cotton yield and was comparable with 75 per cent RD of fertilizers+azophos, 100 per cent RD of fertilizers+FYM and 100 per cent RD of fertilizers alone indicating that 75 per cent RD of fertilizers+azophos was optimum to get economic yield.
  • Authors:
    • Martin, E. C.
    • Subramani, J.
  • Source: Applied Engineering in Agriculture
  • Volume: 28
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: In 2001, the Arizona Department of Water Resources implemented an agricultural Best Management Practice (BMP) program. The program was designed to encourage the use of BMPs in irrigation with the goal of increasing the efficient use of water resources on the farm. Several BMPs were identified through meetings with stakeholders, researchers, and scientists. One of the BMPs identified was alternate furrow irrigation. This three-year study was designed to determine the impact of alternate furrow irrigation on surface irrigation water applications and cotton yield. There were two treatments, every furrow (EF) and every other furrow (EOF). Lint yields were 1794 and 1694 kg/ha in 2006; 1795 and 1902 kg/ha in 2007; and 1365 and 1237 kg/ha in 2008 for the EF and EOF treatments, respectively. Seasonal irrigation water applications were 187.7 and 162.3 cm in 2006; 151.4 and 137.2 cm in 2007; and 184.1 and 132.6 cm in 2008 for EF and EOF treatments, respectively. The results indicate that an average of 30.5 cm of water can be saved by the implementation of an alternate furrow irrigation scheme without significantly reducing lint yield.
  • Authors:
    • Taalimoghaddam, A.
    • Karbasi, A.
  • Source: Annals of Biological Research
  • Volume: 3
  • Issue: 7
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: In this study, two goals are pursued. The first, will be addressed the relationship between game theory and linear programming and then, the application of game theory is checked for crops Khorasan Razavi province. Actually, this is a theory that is related to decide when two or more than two competitors compete in a rational. In this study, game theory model is used for the province's major crops include irrigated wheat, rain fed wheat, irrigated barley, rain fed barley, irrigated sugar beet and irrigated cotton. The data included time series of gross product values of the investigated crops for the period 2000-2009. In this study, in game theory have been used the "Wald" decision-making criterion to determine the highest income under the worst conditions. The pattern results Show irrigated sugar beet cultivation is risky product for the period studied. Irrigated sugar beet is included in the optimization program since it will be the highest expected income in the worst conditions. On the other hand, it has the highest coefficient of variation compared to the other crops. As a result, the game theory model is a good indicator for selecting alternative management strategies for farmers.
  • Authors:
    • Sidhu, B. S.
    • Singh, S.
    • Aujla, M. S.
    • Buttar, G. S.
    • Thind, H. S.
  • Source: Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science
  • Volume: 58
  • Issue: 2
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: Field experiments were conducted for two years to find out the appropriate sowing configuration and rate of nitrogen (N) for sustained yield and improved water use efficiency of hybrid Bt cotton irrigated through surface drip irrigation. Drip irrigation under normal sowing, in which equal quantities of water and N were applied as check-basin irrigation, resulted in an increase of 389 and 155 kg ha(-1) in seed cotton yield compared with check-basin irrigation during the first and second year, respectively. Normal paired row sowing under a drip irrigation system, in which only 50% of irrigation water was applied compared with normal sowing, produced a yield similar to normal sowing under drip irrigation during both years, resulting in 22% higher water use efficiency. Dense paired row sowing under drip irrigation, in which only 75% irrigation water was applied compared with normal sowing, increased the mean seed cotton yield by 5% and water use efficiency by 19%. Decrease in the rate of nitrogen application (from 150 to 75 kg N ha(-1)) caused a decline in seed cotton yield and water use efficiency under all the methods of sowing, but the reverse was true for agronomic efficiency of N.
  • Authors:
    • Jarsjo, J.
    • Tornqvist, R.
  • Source: Water Resources Management
  • Volume: 26
  • Issue: 4
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: In many semi-arid and arid regions of the world, water saving strategies need to be implemented in the agricultural sector in order to increase the resilience to water scarcity. We investigate basin-scale hydrological impacts of possible irrigation technique improvements, considering extensive cotton fields in the Aral Sea drainage basin (ASDB), Central Asia. We use a distributed hydrologic model that combines basin-scale, calibrated discharge and evapotranspiration quantifications with experimental results of (on-farm) water application needs for different irrigation techniques. This allows for quantification of how return flows contribute to river discharge through coupled groundwater-surface water-systems at the basin scale, under different regional climatic conditions. Results show that an implementation of improved irrigation techniques can yield water savings that increase the discharge to the Aral Sea by between 1 and 6 km(3)/year. Such water savings could contribute to mitigation of the acute water scarcity in the lower ASDB. The basin-scale water savings are about 60% lower than corresponding on-farm reductions in irrigation water application, since water is re-used and, hence, return flows decrease when less water is applied. Spatial analysis of regional differences in climatic conditions shows that implementation of more efficient irrigation systems would result in much larger (up to a factor 4) water savings in the more arid downstream regions than in the colder, upstream mountainous regions.
  • Authors:
    • Stamatiadis, S.
    • Samaras, V.
    • Tsadilas, C.
  • Source: Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis
  • Volume: 43
  • Issue: 1-2
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: A 2-year field experiment was conducted in central Greece (Platykampos, Larissa) to investigate productivity parameters of cotton under conditions of water stress. A Latin square split-plot design with three replications was used to evaluate the effect of three irrigation levels (250, 350, and 450 mm) and three fertilization rates (60, 110, and 160 kg N ha(-1)), where irrigation level was the whole-plot factor and the fertilizer was the split-plot factor. The results showed that irrigation level had no significant effect on soil chemical properties, but these only changed with fertilizer application. Concentration of soil nitrates increased in proportion to the amount of applied fertilizer in early July. The associated rise in electrical conductivity (EC) was not sufficiently high as to adversely affect salt-tolerant cotton. The soil acidity produced during formation of nitrate was evident by a soil pH decrease of 0.2 units in the high fertilizer application. A great decline of nitrate N and EC and a rise of pH in all treatments in early August indicated rapid N uptake by the crop during the late stage of vegetative growth. In contrast, cotton yield was not affected by the rate of fertilizer application but by the level of irrigation. This is the reason that correlations between soil properties and yield were insignificant in early July and August. It appears that there was sufficient N available to the crop from sources other than fertilizer N (soil-derived N and irrigation N). Preplant soil nitrates were greater than residual nitrates in the second growing season and indicated depletion of soil mineral N pools of the order of 36 kg N ha(-1) in the 0- to 25-cm depth. Significant negative correlations between soil properties and cotton yield appeared only at the end of the season and indicated that depletion of soil mineral N increased with increasing crop N requirement or irrigation level.
  • Authors:
    • Wanjari, S. S.
    • Bhale, V. M.
    • Tupe, A. R.
    • Shingrup, P. V.
  • Source: Journal of Agrometeorology
  • Volume: 14
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: the effect of acid rain on physico-chemical and engineering properties of black cotton soil . ..... and validation of assay method for estimation of quetiapine fumarate by RP-HPLC
  • Authors:
    • Yelledalli, N. A.
    • Upperi, S. N.
  • Source: Environment and Ecology
  • Volume: 30
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2012
  • Summary: The experiment was conducted by supplying both organics and inorganics with desi cotton (Laxmi) under limited irrigation in low fertility soil (sandy loam) during 1995. The results indicated significantly higher chlorophyll a (33.1 mg/g FW) and b (19.33 mg/g FW) contents, cotton yield (8.9 q/ha) and cotton stalk yield (20.5 q/ha) were recorded with RDF+FYM+all the micronutrients over rest of the treatments. Similar trend was recorded for cotton yield, with RDF+FYM (7.6 q/ha) and RDF+all micronutrients (8.5 q/ha) over rest of the treatments. Besides, significantly increased yields of cotton and chlorophyll a and b contents were observed with the application of micronutrients individually over only RDF (6.4 q/ha and 22 and 10.8 mg/g FW).