481. Australian crop report.

• Authors:
  • Australia, Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics
• Source: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics
• Issue: 132
• Year: 2004
• Summary: An overview of crop production in Australia in 2004 is presented. The crop conditions in New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia and South Australia are described. Cropping areas and yields of winter crops (wheat, barley, oats, rape, lupins, field peas, chickpea, faba beans, lentils, triticale, safflower and vetch) and summer crops (cottonseed, sorghum, rice, maize, sunflowers, soyabeans, groundnuts, mung beans and navy beans) are compared with previous years. Various crop production, precipitation and pricing data are also tabulated.

482. HGCA recommended list 2004/05 for cereals and oilseeds.

• Authors:
  • UK, HGCA
• Source: HGCA recommended list 2004/05 for cereals and oilseeds
• Year: 2004
• Summary: Descriptions are provided for cultivars of cereals (winter, late autumn and spring wheat, winter and spring barley, winter rye, winter triticale, and winter and spring oat) and oilseeds (winter and spring oilseed rape and spring linseed) recommended for cultivation in the UK in 2004/05.

483. Australian crop report.

• Authors:
  • Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics
• Source: Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics
• Issue: 132
• Year: 2004
• Summary: An overview of crop production in Australia in 2004 is presented. The crop conditions in New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia and South Australia are described. Cropping areas and yields of winter crops (wheat, barley, oats, rape, lupins, field peas, chickpea, faba beans, lentils, triticale, safflower and vetch) and summer crops (cottonseed, sorghum, rice, maize, sunflowers, soyabeans, groundnuts, mung beans and navy beans) are compared with previous years. Various crop production, precipitation and pricing data are also tabulated.

484. Management practices influencing herbicide resistance in wild oat

• Authors:
  • Laslo, J. J.
  • Meers, S.
  • Hall, L. M.
  • Beckie, H. J.
  • Stevenson, F. C.
• Source: Weed Technology
• Volume: 18
• Issue: 3
• Year: 2004
• Summary: A 3-yr study was conducted in Wheatland County, Alberta to determine if agronomic practices of growers influenced the occurrence of herbicide resistance in wild oat. Wild oat seeds were collected in 33 fields in 1997 and in 31 fields in each of 1998 and 1999 (one field per grower). Seedlings were screened for resistance to two acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors, imazamethabenz, an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor, and triallate, a thiocarbamate herbicide. A questionnaire on herbicide resistance awareness and management practices was completed by each grower. Both ACCase and ALS inhibitor resistance in wild oat were linked to a lack of crop rotation diversity. In addition, ALS inhibitor-resistant wild oat was associated with conservation-tillage systems and recent use of herbicides with that mode of action. Results of this study suggest that timely tillage and inclusion of fall-seeded and perennial forage crops in rotations will effectively slow the selection of resistance in this grass species.

485. Supply and social cost estimates for biomass from crop residues in the United States

• Authors:
  • Shapouri, H.
  • Gauthier, W.
  • Wailes, E.
  • Fritz, J.
  • Dikeman, M.
  • Gallagher, P. W.
• Source: Environmental and Resource Economics
• Volume: 24
• Issue: 4
• Year: 2003
• Summary: The components of social costs included in the supply analysis are cash outlays and opportunity costs associated with harvest and alternative residue uses, potential environmental damage that is avoided by excluding unsuitable land, and costs in moving residues from farms to processing plants. Regional estimates account for the growing conditions and crops of the main agricultural areas of the United States. Estimates include the main U. S. field crops with potential for residue harvest: corn, wheat, sorghum, oats, barley, rice and cane sugar. The potential contribution of residues to U. S. energy needs is discussed.

486. Yield and water use of broadleaf crops in a semiarid climate.

• Authors:
  • Merrill, S.
  • Tanaka, D.
  • Anderson, R.
• Source: Agricultural Water Management
• Volume: 58
• Issue: 3
• Year: 2003
• Summary: The predominate crops grown in the northern Great Plains of the United States are cereal grains, which are well adapted to the region's semiarid climate and short growing season. However, rotations are changing because minimum- and no-till production systems improve precipitation-use-efficiency. Therefore, producers are seeking diversity in crop choices to improve the design of their rotations. Our objective with this study was to examine water relations and agronomic performance of seven broadleaf crops that may be suitable for a semiarid climate. Dry pea ( Pisum sativum L.), dry bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) were the most favorable for this region considering crop yield and water-use-efficiency (WUE). Soybean ( Glycine max L.), crambe ( Crambe abyssinica Hochst), canola ( Brassica rapa L.), and safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.) were less successful. Water use for grain production ranged from 23 to 37 cm among crops whereas water-use-efficiency varied three-fold. Soil water extraction patterns differed between sunflower and dry pea, with sunflower extracting more water as well as accessing water deeper in the soil profile. Integrating oilseed and legume crops with cereal grains in a cycle-of-four rotation will aid producers in managing diseases and weeds, as well as improve grain yield due to the rotation effect.

487. Doubled haploid production in crop plants: a manual.

• Authors:
  • Kasha, K. J.
  • Maluszynski, M.
  • Forster, B. P.
  • Szarejko, I.
• Source: Doubled haploid production in crop plants: a manual
• Year: 2003
• Summary: This manual presents a set of protocols for the production of doubled haploid plants in 22 major crops species including 4 tree species, and includes protocols from different germplasm of the same species. The crops covered include barley, wheat, maize, rice, triticale, rye, oats, durum wheat, timothy grass ( Phleum pratense), ryegrass ( Lolium), rape, broccoli, tobacco, potato, flax/linseed, sugarbeet, asparagus, onion, apple, poplar, cork oak ( Quercus suber), and citrus. All steps of doubled haploid production are detailed from donor plant growth conditions, through in vitro procedures, media composition and preparation, to regeneration of haploid plants and chromosome doubling methods. The practical protocols are supplemented with a list of published protocols for other crop plants, and separate chapters deal with major application of doubled haploids in breeding, mutant production, transgenesis, genetic mapping and genomics.

488. Winter Crop Variety Sowing Guide 2003.

• Authors:
  • McCaffery, D. W.
  • McRae, F. J.
  • Carpenter, D. J.
• Year: 2003
• Summary: This guide should assist in the selection of the most suitable variety for cultivation and aims to assist growers to make better cropping decisions. Information on variety selection, varietal characteristics and reaction to disease, crop injury guide and marketing are supplied for wheat, durum wheat, barley, oats, triticale, cereal rye, rape, chickpeas, faba beans, field pea ( Pisum sativum) and lupins. Additional material includes information on options for control of stored products pests, cereal seed dressings, industry information, and locations of district agronomists.

489. Weed control in winter crops 2003.

• Authors:
  • Dellow, J. J.
  • Francis, R. J.
  • Mullen, C. L.
  • McRae, F. J.
• Source: Weed control in winter crops 2003
• Year: 2003
• Summary: This publication, intended for use by New South Wales Agriculture (New South Wales, Australia), presents some guidelines on chemical weed control in fallows, wheat, barley, oats, rye, triticale, rape, safflower, lentil, linseed, lupin, chickpea, faba bean and field pea. Tabulated data on herbicides, along with application rates suggested for particular weed species, are included.

490. Cereal grain and dockage identification using machine vision

• Authors:
  • Jayas, D. S.
  • Visen, N. S.
  • Paliwal, J.
  • White, N. D. G.
• Source: Biosystems Engineering
• Volume: 85
• Issue: 1
• Year: 2003
• Summary: Algorithms were written to extract a total of 230 features (51 morphological, 123 colour, and 56 textural) from the high-resolution images of kernels of five grain types [barley, Canada Western Amber Durum (CWAD) wheat, Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat, oats, and rye] and five broad categories of dockage constituents [broken wheat kernels, chaff, buckwheat, wheat spikelets (one to three wheat kernels inside husk), and canola (rapeseed with low erucic acid content in the oil and low glucosinolate content in the meal)]. Different feature models, viz. morphological, colour, texture, and a combination of the three, were tested for their classification performances using a neural network classifier. Kernels and dockage particles with well-defined characteristics (e.g. CWRS wheat, buckwheat, and canola) showed near-perfect classification whereas particles with irregular and undefined features (e.g. chaff and wheat spikelets) were classified with accuracies of around 90%. The similarities in shape and size of some of the particles of chaff and wheat spikelets with the kernels of barley and oats affected the classification accuracies of the latter, adversely. (C) 2003 Silsoe Research Institute. All rights reserved. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.