19862015
  • Authors:
    • Qureshi, Z. A.
    • Neibling, H.
  • Source: Agricultural Water Management
  • Volume: 96
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2009
  • Summary: Agricultural production in irrigated areas is becoming more water-constrained. Scheduling the timing of the last irrigation on cereals is one effective method of reducing seasonal water use while maintaining crop yield and quality. The last irrigation application time and its impact on two-row malting barley ( Hordeum distichum cv. Moravian 37) yield, quality, and economic benefits were studied in the 2000, 2001, and 2002 cropping seasons. Irrigation was stopped for the season at Milk, pre-Soft Dough, Soft Dough, and post-Soft Dough grain formation stages. The Soft Dough water cutoff treatment produced the highest grain yield of two-row spring malting barley. Water cutoff before or after Soft Dough stage reduced the grain yield significantly at P
  • Authors:
    • Aghaalikhani, M.
    • Chaichi, M.
    • Daryaei, F.
  • Source: Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science
  • Volume: 40
  • Issue: 2
  • Year: 2009
  • Summary: To study the mixing rates effects of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) and chickpea (desi type) ( Cicer ariethinum L.) on forage production under dryland conditions, a field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station of University of Tehran (Karaj campus) during the 2003-2004 growing season. The 11 Treatments of this experiment were statistically compared based on a Randomized Complete Block Design of three replications. Experimental treatments were arranged as a factorial of sowing density levels of chickpea (100%, 75% and 50% of pure stand) and barley (100%, 75% and 50% of pure stand). Also two additional treatments of chickpea and barley sole cropping were established as control. Barley grain (Valfajr cultivar) and chickpea (4322 ecotype) were simultaneously planted on 20th December, green forage being harvested on 10th May (next year). No manure or irrigation was applied in this experiment (dryland system adopted). Forage was harvested taking into account chickpea phenology (early flowering stage). Barley was the dominant plant in all the mixed treatments. Results showed that forage yield of chickpea and barley was significantly affected by mixing rate (P
  • Authors:
    • Hosseinpour, T.
    • Vaezi, B.
    • Karimizadeh, R.
    • Mehraban, A.
    • Ghojogh, H.
  • Source: Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources
  • Volume: 13
  • Issue: 48(B)
  • Year: 2009
  • Summary: Multi-environment trial data are required to obtain stability performance parameters as selection tools for effective cultivar evaluation. The interrelationship among several stability parameters and their associations with mean yield, along with the repeatability of these parameters in consecutive years was the objective of this study. Barley yield data of 18 cultivars, proprietary of Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, evaluated in 12 locations over 2005-2007 in three locations of Iran was used for the combined analysis of variance in three datasets. I: Across locations in a single evaluation year (dataset A), II: Across locations in each of two single evaluation year (dataset B), III: Across all locations in three years (dataset C). For each dataset, cultivar phenotypic variance and other statistics were appropriately partitioned in its components. The interrelationship among the parameters and their associations with mean yield based on Spearman rank correlation was studied in each of the three single evaluation years (dataset A). Rank correlation coefficients were also used as estimates of the repeatability of these stability parameters across two year combinations (dataset B). The parameters sigma i2 Shukla and W i2 were consistently highly correlated with each other but not with mean yield in all single and pair evaluation years. The parameters b i, S i2 and CV were consistently highly correlated with each other but not with mean yield in all single and pair evaluation years. Result showed that Shukla variance, Wricke ecovalence, SIPC1 and ASV AMMI stability statistics have high repeatability. Thus it is suggested that more stability statistics especially nonparametric methods be used for determination of repeatability methods.
  • Authors:
    • Kumpawat, B.
  • Source: Haryana Journal of Agronomy
  • Volume: 25
  • Issue: 1/2
  • Year: 2009
  • Summary: A field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) and winter (rabi) seasons of 2004-05 to 2007-08 on clay loam soils at the Dryland Farming Research Station, Arjia, Bhilwara under alkali water irrigation conditions, to find out effect of soil ameliorates viz., control (fallow), green manuring of dhaincha [ Sesbania aculeata (L.) Pers.], application of gypsum @ 50% gypsum requirement (G. R.) and green manuring alongwith gypsum 50% GR and nitrogen levels viz., 50, 75 and 100% RDN on growth, yield and economics of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). The study revealed that soil ameliorates improved yield and yield attributes, nutrient uptake, protein content, net return and sustainable yield index (SYI). Green manuring alongwith gypsum 50% GR resulted in the highest grain and straw yield, N and P uptake, crude protein content, net return and sustainable yield index (SYI), wile maximum benefit:cost ratio (3.4) was recorded from green manuring treatment. Increasing dose of nitrogen upto 100% RDN improved significantly yield and yield attributes, crude protein, N and P uptake and recorded highest net return (Rs. 30208/ha), benefit:cost ratio (3.4) and sustainable yield index (0.83).
  • Authors:
    • Patpour, M.
    • Dehghan, M.
    • Pouralibaba, H.
    • Pashapour, H.
    • Abediasl, G.
    • Soleymani, K.
    • Hesami, A.
    • Roohi, E.
    • Azimzadeh, S.
    • Nadermahmoodi, K.
    • Moayed, F.
    • Maleki, Y.
    • Eskandari, I.
    • Salekzanani, A.
  • Source: Seed and Plant
  • Volume: 25
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2009
  • Summary: Line Yesevi-93 (cultivar Abidar) was first introduced to Dryland Agricultural Research Institute (DARI) through the International Winter Preliminary Barley Yield Trials (IWPBYT) in 1994. It was selected as one the most high yielding lines based on observational and statistical trails (Regional Barley Yield Trials) carried out in different locations during 1997-2000. The average yield of Abidar cultivar in advanced trails was 2138 kgha -1 which was 5% and 34% higher than those of Sahand and local check cultivars, respectively. Yield stability analysis of data from grain yield of Abidar and other advanced lines of barley, using different methods, proved its high stability in different locations. It is a cold tolerant, early maturity, facultative type, drought tolerant and resistant to shattering cultivar. Its average height was 57 cm with 1000 kernel weight of 40-50 g. In on-farm yield trails, Abidar cultivar performed most better than the check cultivars. It is resistant to scald and powdery mildew diseases but susceptible to barley stripe. As this disease is seed-borne, it can easily be controlled through seed treatment by appropriate fungicides. Based on the advanced regional barley yield trials carried out in different cold and moderately cold regions of Iran, Abidar can be recommended for cultivation in moderate cold areas of Azarbaijan, Hamedan, Kurdistan, Zanjan, Ardebil, Ilam, Isfahan, Kermanshah, Chaharmahal-e-Bakhtiari, Markazi, Kohgilloyeh and Boyerahmad and Khorasan provinces in dryland conditions.
  • Authors:
    • Elliott, N.
    • Michels, J.
    • Ansley, J.
    • Mirik, M.
  • Source: Southwestern Entomologist
  • Volume: 34
  • Issue: 2
  • Year: 2009
  • Summary: The Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), is a severe pest of wheat, Triticum aestivum L.; barley, Hordeum vulgare L.; other small grains; and grasses. Although the Russian wheat aphid is a significant pest of small grains, its feeding effects on grain yield and vegetative biomass in large-scale wheat fields have not been well documented. Data were collected for 3 years in dryland and irrigated wheat fields in Texas and Oklahoma. The insect reduced grain yield 50.2 to 82.9% and biomass by 55.4 to 76.5%. These results suggested that winter wheat suffers significant economic loss from Russian wheat aphid.
  • Authors:
    • Torabi, M.
    • Hosni, M.
    • Vaezi, B.
    • Khanzadeh, H.
    • Khalilzadeh, G.
    • Hosseinpour, T.
    • Nourinia, A.
    • Roustaei, M.
    • Mohammadi, M.
    • Patpour, M.
    • Dehghan, M.
  • Source: Seed and Plant Improvement Journal
  • Volume: 25-1
  • Issue: 3
  • Year: 2009
  • Summary: Some parts of semitropical regions in Khouzestan, Fars, Kohgiloyieh-va-Boyrahmad, Lorestan, Golestan, Ardabil, Kermanshah and Boushehr provinces specified to spring barley cultivation which local or a few improved cultivars are grown there. Barley breeding activities in Dryland Agricultural Research Institute(DARI) are continuously undertaken in Gachsaran, Kouhdasht, Gonbad and Moghan to introduce new cultivars for these regions. Obtained results during 11 years (1993-2003) showed that genotype Wi2291/Wi2269//Er/Apm originated from ICARDA, had good adaptation, yield stability and good agronomic traits in dryland areas with semitropical climate. The average yield of this genotype in all locations was 3.556 tha -1 which was 12 percent more than the yield of Izeh as improved check. Higher thousand kernel weight (more than 10 gram in some locations) is a remarkable trait of this genotype. The new genotype is a spring type barley with an average plant height of 72 cm and resistant to lodging. This genotype was introduced through Agricultural Extension, Education and Research Organization under the name of Mahoor in 2008.
  • Authors:
    • Sharaiha, R.
    • Molla, A.
  • Source: Lucrari Stiintifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole Si Medicina Veterinara "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi, Seria Agronomie
  • Volume: 52
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2009
  • Summary: Mixed intercropping of barley and wheat has been reported as the practice of smallholder farmers in some dryland areas of Ethiopia. However, this cropping system has not yet received the attention of research. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the level of competition and yield advantage in barley and wheat mixed intercropping under different stress levels of moisture deficit. One pot and one field experiments were conducted to address these objectives. In the pot experiment, three irrigation water levels (75-80, 50-55, and 25-30% depletion of soil available water), five intercropping ratios (%) of barley to wheat in a replacement series (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, and 0/100), and four planting densities (4, 8, 12 and 16 plants/pot) were studied in a split-split plot design and had three sets so as to harvest at tillering, heading and maturity stages. In the field, the five intercropping ratios and the four water levels supplied by sprinkler irrigation system were studied in a split-plot design. Intra- and inter-specific competition decreased with decreasing stress levels of moisture deficit; but increased with increasing planting densities in all harvesting stages in the pot experiment. However, both competition types were higher at tillering stage but progressively decreased in later harvesting stages. Intraspecific competition was more important for barley at early stages and for wheat at later stages of the growing period. Both pot and field experiments proved that barley was less competitive than wheat towards the reproductive stage. Yield advantage of mixed intercropping of barley and wheat increased with increasing stress levels of moisture deficit under study. Yield advantage and productivity tended to be dominated by the higher yielding crop species in the mixture. This result suggests mixed intercropping of barley and wheat is not a priority in areas where moisture is not limiting in amount and distribution. It is advisable to use 50% barley+50% wheat ratio since it is difficult to predict which crop performs better than the other in such unpredictable rainfall conditions of the drylands.
  • Authors:
    • Zaragoza, C.
    • Aibar, J.
    • Cavero, J.
    • Pardo, G.
  • Source: Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems
  • Volume: 84
  • Issue: 3
  • Year: 2009
  • Summary: Under semiarid conditions the response of crops to synthetic fertilizers is often reduced. Organic fertilizers can be used to provide a continuous source of nutrients for the crops. The soil nitrogen and crop yield in a rotation of durum wheat ( Triticum durum)-fallow-barley ( Hordeum vulgare)-vetch ( Vicia sativa) were studied during 4 years when synthetic fertilizer (chemical), compost (organic) or no fertilizer (control) were applied in a field with high initial contents of soil NO 3-N (>400 kg N ha -1), phosphorus (22 mg kg -1) and potassium (>300 mg kg -1). Changes in soil organic matter, phosphorus and potassium were also measured. During the crop period, chemical fertilization significantly increased the content of soil NO 3-N in the first 0.30 m of soil with respect to organic fertilization and the control. The yield of wheat and barley was not increased after applying chemical or organic fertilizer with respect to the unfertilized plots. The estimated losses of nitrogen were similar for the three types of fertilization, as well as the uptake of nitrogen for the total biomass produced. The initial levels of organic matter and phosphorus were maintained, even in the plots that were not fertilized, while the potassium decreased slightly. Thus, the rotation and burying of crop residues were enough to maintain the crop yield and the initial content of nutrients.
  • Authors:
    • Ceglarek, F.
    • Plaza, A.
    • Prochnicka, M.
  • Source: Fragmenta Agronomica
  • Volume: 26
  • Issue: 3
  • Year: 2009
  • Summary: The paper presents the results from years 1998-2001, which aim was to describe the influence of stubble catch crops which were plowed down in autumn and left in the form of mulch till spring, in combinations with or without straw on the yield and the structure of yield of potato tubers. A field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm in Zawady, owned by the University of Podlasie in Siedlce. Two factors were taken into account: I - stubble catch crop fertilization (control object - without intercrop fertilization, farmyard manure, white mustard, phacelia, white mustard-mulch, phacelia-mulch); II - straw fertilization (without straw, with straw). The yield of spring barley straw was determined, the yield of fresh mass of stubble catch crop and its content of dry mass and macroelements (N, P, K, Ca and Mg). In the first year after organic fertilization the potatoes were cultivated. During the harvest the total and commercial yield, and also after harvest the structure of tuber yield was determined. The results pointed that, the highest yield of potato tubers was achieved from combinations fertilized with phacelia which was plowed down in autumn, and also phacelia left in the form of mulch till spring in combination with straw. Stubble catch crop and farmyard manure fertilization caused the increase of participation of medium and large tubers in yield.