• Authors:
    • Jorge, R. F.
    • Cora, J. E.
    • Martins, M. dos R.
    • Marcelo, A. V.
  • Source: Soil & Tillage Research
  • Volume: 104
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2009
  • Summary: The adaptation of no-tillage system in tropical regions depends on the suitable choice of summer and winter crops which should contribute to improvement of soil properties. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of crop sequences on soil aggregation and contents of organic C and polysaccharides in aggregates of a Rhodic Eutrudox under no-tillage. The treatments consisted of the combination of four summer crop sequences and seven winter crop sequences. The summer crop sequences were: maize monocrop ( Zea mays L.) (MM); soybean monocrop ( Glycine max (L.) Merrill) (SS); crop sequence of soybean/maize/soybean/maize (SM); crop sequence of rice ( Oryza sativa L.)/bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)/cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.)/bean (RB). The winter crops were: maize, sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.), radish ( Raphanus sativus L.), pearl millet ( Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke), pigeon pea ( Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp), grain sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and sunn hemp ( Crotalaria juncea L.). The highest total organic C, total polysaccharides and dilute acid-extracted polysaccharides contents were found in 2.00-1.00 mm water-stable aggregates and the lowest contents were found in
  • Authors:
    • Rosculete, E.
    • Gheorghe, D.
    • Matei, G.
    • Imbrea, F.
    • Cojocaru, I.
  • Source: Research Journal of Agricultural Science
  • Volume: 41
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2009
  • Summary: Field studies were conducted in Romania, from 2006 to 2008, to determine the effect of rotations and fertilizer applications on the yield and quality of maize in irrigated sandy soils. The treatments comprised 3 years rotation (wheat, maize and soyabeans), 4 years rotation (wheat, lucerne, maize and soyabeans), wheat monoculture, maize monoculture, 2 years rotation (maize and wheat), 5 years rotation (wheat, lucerne, potato, maize and wheat), 3 years rotation (wheat, maize and groundnut), 6 years rotation (maize, groundnuts, wheat, sunflower, potato and wheat) and 4 years rotation (bean, wheat, maize and wheat) and fertilizer applications, i.e. 160 kg N and 80 kg P/ha, 80 kg N and 80 kg P/ha and control. Results showed that maize gave good seed yields, which varied between 4.5 q/ha on unfertilized variant and 38.5 q/ha in the 6 years rotation on 160 kg N and 80 kg P/ha. The most valuable rotations for maize were beans, soyabean, groundnuts or lucerne. Applying fertilizers in monoculture resulted only in small increases in production. The best variant with fertilizers was the 80 kg N and 80 kg P/ha, which increased the yields of all rotations used compared to the control. On all the rotations studied, the nitrogen fertilizer application improved the N content of maize seeds and directly increased the protein content, while other macro- and microelements in maize seeds registered small fluctuations, some of which were considered as constant no matter what kind of rotation was used.
  • Authors:
    • Ray, J.
    • Smith, R.
    • Castlebury, L.
    • Mengistu, A.
    • Bellaloui, N.
  • Source: Plant Disease
  • Volume: 93
  • Issue: 10
  • Year: 2009
  • Summary: Phomopsis longicolla is a major seed pathogen of soybean ( Glycine max) in hot, humid environments. The objective of this study was to monitor the infection and development of P. longicolla on vegetative and reproductive tissues of six cultivars and to determine the relationship between this infection and subsequent seed infection and seed germination. Cultivars were grown for 3 years (2002 to 2004) without irrigation or with irrigation applied at pre- plus postflowering or at postflowering growth stages. P. longicolla was isolated most frequently from leaf, stem, pod, root, and seed. Diaporthe phaseolorum and three unidentified Phomopsis sp. were also isolated. Diaporthe aspalathi, which previously has not been reported on soybean, was also recovered from leaf samples. These isolates, however, were recovered very infrequently. Recovery of P. longicolla from roots was much lower than from leaves, stems, and pods in all years and irrigation environments. The recovery of P. longicolla from seed was affected by irrigation environments. Seed from irrigated plots had more P. longicolla than that from nonirrigated plots. Isolation of P. longicolla from seed was negatively correlated with percentage of seed germination in irrigated environments but not in the nonirrigated environment. Pod infection was correlated with seed infection in all three irrigation environments. Even though infection of leaves and stems increased with increasing moisture availability, such infection did not consistently correlate with seed infection. Seed germination and seed infection were negatively correlated with percent hard seed. This study provided the first demonstration of the seasonal progression of P. longicolla on soybean cultivars grown under three irrigation environments.
  • Authors:
    • Monteiro, J. E. B. A.
  • Source: Agrometeorologia dos cultivos: o fator meteorológico na produção agrícola
  • Year: 2009
  • Summary: This book brings together a broad base of information on 32 major Brazilian agricultural crops and their relations with climate. The focus of the book is not on the methodologies and applications of agrometeorology per se, but rather restricts its focus to crops and traits that determine yield as a function of the environment. The crops included are rice, castor oil, sunflowers, pineapples, soyabeans, triticale, maize, potatoes, barley, peanuts, oats, onions, canola, wheat, cotton, beans, sugarcane, Pinus, black wattle ( Acacia mearnsii), tropical and temperate grapes, coconuts, citrus, bananas, sisal, cocoa, coffee, apples, Jatropha, Eucalyptus and the fodder plants Cynodon, Brachiaria and Panicum. The contents of the book are divided into three main parts, I. Introduction, II. Temporary crops and III. Permanent crops, with each chapter within parts II and III dedicated to a particular crop, and covering: (1) the main features of farming and phenology; (2) agrometeorological productivity constraints - water availability, temperature, solar radiation, photoperiod and wind; and (3) adverse events - hail and rainstorms, droughts and dry spells, winds and gales, frost, and too much rain and over-prolonged drought. The book was organized by the National Institute of Meteorology and had the collaboration of 105 researchers from 37 Brazilian institutions (federal and state), research centres, institutes and universities.
  • Authors:
    • Ferreira, R. S.
    • Moraes, J. C.
    • Costa, R. R.
  • Source: Ciência e Agrotecnologia
  • Volume: 33
  • Issue: 5
  • Year: 2009
  • Summary: Studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of the application of inducers on the resistance of 2 soyabean cultivars to the whitefly Bemisia tabaci Biotype B. The seeds of the soyabean cultivars IAC-19 and MONSOY-8001 were previously treated with captan. The following treatments were tested: irrigating the soil around the plants of each pot with 250 ml solution of 1.0% silicic acid (T1); spraying of the plants, to the 'point of dripping', with a solution of 0.3% acibenzolar-S-methyl (T2); spraying of the plants, to the 'point of dripping', with a solution of 0.24% pyraclostrobin+epoxiconazole (T3); and control (T4). The plants were infested with 100 adult whiteflies that were released 8 days after applying the treatments. The number of ova on the abaxial face of each leaf, which was marked for further evaluation of nymphs, tannin and lignin contents and dry weight of the aerial parts and roots. There was no difference for the number of ova and nymphs among the soyabean cultivars. Nevertheless, the average survival rate of B. tabaci was lower on cultivar IAC-19. The application of silicon or acibenzolar-s-methyl induced an increase in lignin content in the soyabean cultivar IAC-19.
  • Authors:
    • Ghanbari, A.
    • Daneshiyan, J.
    • Galavi, M.
    • Mousavi, S. M. P.
    • Basirani, N.
    • Jonoobi, P.
  • Source: Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science
  • Volume: 40
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2009
  • Summary: In order to investigate the effect of animal manure application, in drought stress conditions, on soybean (Glycine max L.) quantitative and qualitative characters, an experiment in the form of split plot and based on randomized complete block design of four replications was conducted at Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, in 2004. Irrigation treatments as the main factor were in three levels of 50 (control), 100 (medium stress) and 150 mm (severe stress) water evaporation from Class A Pan, and manure application as sub plot at four levels of 0, 15, 30 and 45 t/ha. Plants were irrigated at 50 mm evaporation from pan of class A, from V3 germinative stage (trifoliate exposed). Drought stress decreased plant height, number of nodes, internode length, number of branches, number of pods and seed weight per m 2 as well as 1000 seed weight. Animal manure application reduced drought stress effects. The yield decreased with when drought stress intensity increasing. Increase in animal manure application increased seed yield. The highest yield was obtained in control with 2511 kg/h. Water stress reduced grain yield in medium and severe stress treatments by 22% and 39%, respectively. Application of 45t/h of animal manure produced the highest yield of 2244 kg/h. Increase in animal manure application increase caused in number of pods per m 2 and in 1000 seed weight. Seed oil content decreased while protein content increasing, when drought stress intensity increased. Animal manure exerted a significant effect on seed protein content, the lowest seed protein content being obtained at 45 t/ha of manure application.
  • Authors:
    • Haller, W. T.
    • Mudge, C. R.
  • Source: Weed Technology
  • Volume: 23
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2009
  • Summary: The effects of flumioxazin in irrigation water were evaluated on four row crop species (corn, cotton, soybean, and wheat) and three ornamental species (begonia, impatiens, and snapdragon). Plants were overhead irrigated one time with flumioxazin at concentrations of 0, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1,600, and 3,200 g ai/L in water equivalent to 1.27 cm. Ornamental plant tolerances on the basis of a 10% reduction in dry weight (effective concentration 10 [EC 10]) were as follows: impatiens (40)
  • Authors:
    • Suryawanshi, J. S.
    • Bhondave, T. S.
    • Ranshur, N. J.
    • Talathi, M. S.
    • Pinjari, S. S.
  • Source: International Journal of Agricultural Sciences
  • Volume: 5
  • Issue: 2
  • Year: 2009
  • Summary: Present investigation was carried out at Pulses Research Unit, DnPDKV, Akola (M.S.) during kharif and rabi season in wilt sick plot, in which fungi population was observed more in rhizosphere of sunflower, soybean, and groundnut as compared with sorghum, mung and udid. There was a gradual increase in the propagules of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. ciceri from sowing to harvesting of chickpea. In correlation study the inoculum range of 10.11 to 14.00 per cent was recorded and there was positive but non-significant correlation between the inoculum available and the wilt incidence in chickpea.
  • Authors:
    • Prasad, Y. E.
    • Prasad, V. R.
  • Source: Mysore Journal of Agricultural Sciences
  • Volume: 43
  • Issue: 2
  • Year: 2009
  • Summary: The present investigation is aimed at studying the relative economics of soybean based cropping systems against cotton mono crop in Gottipadu village of Prattipadu mandal in Guntur district of Andhra Pradesh. Regression analysis of soybean. Bengalgram revealed that, all the variables contributed positively but non-significant except plant protection chemicals. Regression analysis of soybean+redgram (inter crop) cropping system revealed that area and plant protection chemicals made positive and significant contribution and machine labour made negative and significant contribution towards the gross returns. Regression analysis of soybean-jowar cropping system revealed that plant protection chemicals made a significant and positive contribution whereas fertilisers made a significant and negative contribution towards gross returns. Regression analysis of cotton revealed that area, seed, manual labour and machine labour made a significant and positive contribution towards the gross returns.
  • Authors:
    • Jadon, C.
    • Meena, D. S.
    • Kumar, R.
  • Source: Haryana Journal of Agronomy ALSO THE JOURNAL OF RURAL AND AGRICULURAL RESEARCH, pp. 17-18, June, 2010
  • Volume: 25
  • Issue: 1/2
  • Year: 2009
  • Summary: The field experiment was undertaken during 2004-05 to 2007-08 on ARS, Kota to evaluate the performance of soybean-wheat, soybean-chickpea, soybean-coriander and soybean-onion cropping sequences in heavy textured, non-calcareous soils. The results revealed that soybean-onion sequence was more productive and remunerative compared to other sequences in irrigated areas of humid southeastern plain of Rajasthan.