• Authors:
    • Zavalin, A.
    • Pasynkova, E.
  • Source: Russian Agricultural Sciences
  • Volume: 36
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2010
  • Summary: It is shown that a comparative evaluation of the biological efficiency and intensity of competitive relations in cereal (spring wheat) and pulse (spring vetch) mixed crops is the most complete and accurate in yield of the main product (grain, dry matter) and biological yield (grain+straw+chaff, dry matter).
  • Authors:
    • Rosegrant, M.
    • Derner, J. D.
    • Schuman, G. E.
    • Verchot, L.
    • Steinfeld, H.
    • Gerber, P.
    • De Freitas, P. L.
    • Lal, R.
    • Desjardins, R. L.
    • Dumanski, J.
  • Source: Applied Agrometeorology
  • Year: 2010
  • Summary: Agriculture can make significant contributions to climate change mitigation by (a) increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) sinks, (b) reducing GHG emissions, and (c) off-setting fossil fuel by promoting biofuels. The latter has the potential to counter-balance fossil fuel emissions to some degree, but the overall impact is still uncertain compared to emissions of non-CO2 GHGs, which are likely to increase as production systems intensify. Agricultural lands also remove CH4 from the atmosphere by oxidation, though less than forestlands (Tate et al. 2006; Verchot et al. 2000), but this effect is small compared to other GHG fluxes (Smith and Conen 2004).
  • Authors:
    • Gamzatov, I.
    • Muslimov, M.
  • Source: Kormoproizvodstvo
  • Issue: 12
  • Year: 2010
  • Summary: Continuous green fodder conveyor production system allows quality fodder supply during the grazing season. Field trials were conducted in Dagestan, the North Caucasus, Russia, with Red Steppe cattle. Data are tabulated on sowing dates and period of use of fodder crops, i.e. natural pastures, winter rape, winter rye + winter vetch, pea-oat + vetch-oat, regrowth of perennial grasses after hay cutting, Sudan grass, maize and maize + Sudan grass, sorghum, regrowth of Sudan grass and sorghum, maize sown after winter cereals grown for green fodder, maize and sorghum grown for silage for additional feed rations, winter rye after pea + oat, squash, pumpkin, fodder watermelon and fodder beet, and regrowth of natural pastures and meadows. The importance of natural pastures and drought resistant plants, such as sorghum crops, for production of high yield of fodder in dry conditions of Dagestan is considered.
  • Authors:
    • Kuznetsov, P. I.
    • Danilenko, Yu P.
    • Kolobanov, N. S.
  • Source: Kormoproizvodstvo
  • Issue: 7
  • Year: 2010
  • Summary: Productivity of winter-hardy (oat, vetch and pea) and thermophyte (Sudan grass, soya, and sunflower) cultivars grown in mixtures and as single crops was studied in the Volgograd region, Russia. Data on total water consumption and productivity of cultivars depending on application of NPK-compounds as well as nutritional value and chemical composition of forage are summarized in 3 tables. Authors concluded that cold resistant fodder crops provide full forage supply for the period of 1-31 June, thermophyte cultivars provide supply for the period from 15 July to 15 August (with the second harvest of Sudan grass from 1-20 September). The third harvest of Sudan grass is possible in favorable weather conditions in the first half of October.
  • Authors:
    • Il'in, A.
  • Source: Kormoproizvodstvo
  • Issue: 10
  • Year: 2009
  • Summary: Climate of the Republic of Yakutia is very severe and continental with winter temperatures below minus 40degreesC. Horses of the Yakutian breed are well adapted for cold winters and used to winter tebenevka, when they get forage from under snow. Usage of oat as winter forage for the Yakutian horse breed was studied in the Republic of Yakutia, Russia. Oat could be covered by snow during autumn frosts when plants are still green if sown at optimal time in Yakutia. Yield of green mass conserved under snow is 7.5 t/ha and horses can get 35-45% of this during single tebenevka and 70-75% when tebenevka is repeated. Dry matter of winter oat contains 11, 2 and 33% of protein, fat and cellulose, respectively. Detailed data are provided in 5 tables. Winter oat is recommended as forage for horses of Yakutian breed.
  • Authors:
    • Zudilin, S. N.
  • Source: Kormoproizvodstvo
  • Issue: 2
  • Year: 2009
  • Summary: Productivity of fodder crop rotation was studied in the Samara Region, Russia in 1993-2004. The fodder crop rotation consisted of 7 following combinations: (1) rape and radish; (2) winter wheat; (3) pea; (4) maize; (5) vetch and oat; (6) pea and barley and (7) goat's-rue. The most productive crop was goat's-rue which showed green mass yield of 20.27 t/ha. Rape, maize, vetch and oat mix had green mass yield of 19.78, 20.11 and 16.42 t/ha, respectively. Winter wheat and pea produced 2.4 and 1.18 t/ha of grain, respectively. Application of mineral fertilizers increased yield by 25-40%. Detailed data are presented in 2 tables.
  • Authors:
    • Bolotova, N. S.
  • Source: Kormoproizvodstvo
  • Issue: 12
  • Year: 2009
  • Summary: Techniques and standards for production of haylage and silage from high-protein fodder mixtures of pea, oat, rape, vetch, barley, beans, rye, wheat and maize are discussed. Plants should be cut into 15-20 mm pieces when the protein content of fodder mixture is over 30%, and into 40-50 mm pieces when the protein content of fodder mixture is less than 20%. Bales of silage mass are wrapped in film and roll size is 1.2 m wide and 0.8-1.6 m in diameter. The high yield of maize, vetch, and oat-rape mixture achievable in the conditions of European Russia is 10.8 t/ha of dry mass and 1.2 t/ha of protein.
  • Authors:
    • Pimenov, K. I.
    • Kutuzov, G. P.
  • Source: Kormoproizvodstvo
  • Issue: 9
  • Year: 2008
  • Summary: In a 3-year experiment carried out on a common chernozem in central Russia, woad ( Isatis costata) was grown as an intercrop in fodder crop rotations. The effect of early spring cover crops (barley or an oats + peas mixture) on woad cold resistance, the optimal sowing rate (1, 2 or 3 million seeds/ha), the effect of spring nitrogen fertilizer on yield, and the productivity and effectiveness of rotations were examined. Results showed that the cover crop - woad - Sudan grass rotations gave 3 harvests within 2 years. By including woad as an undersown intercrop (at 1 million seeds/ha), the yield of the rotation involving oats + peas as cover crop increased to 12.6 thousand fodder units/ha compared to 6.5 thousand/ha in a woad-Sudan grass control.
  • Authors:
    • Starkova, D. L.
    • Platunov, A. A.
  • Source: Kormoproizvodstvo
  • Issue: 8
  • Year: 2008
  • Summary: The effect of soil moisture level on development of perennial leguminous grasses in conditions of the Kirov region, Russia, is considered. The results of previous field trials revealed that the soil moisture content was higher under winter rye compared with spring crops or the absence of crops. Growing of a vetch-oat mixture for green fodder resulted in the driest soil conditions compared with oat, barley and wheat. Advantages of growing birdsfoot trefoil under the cover of cereal crops are discussed as a way of weed control, also resulting in better soil water conditions. However, birdsfoot trefoil had more light and soil moisture content and showed more intensive above-ground growth in the absence of a crop cover. Field trials were conducted to study the complex relationship between the growth and yield of spring and winter crops, availability of water and light, and weed control and production of high yield of green fodder. Data are tabulated on development and green fodder yield of birdsfoot trefoil during the 1st and 2nd years of growth without plant cover compared with growth under the cover of winter rye, barley, wheat, oat and vetch + oat in 2005 and 2006. Overall results confirmed advantages of growing birdsfoot trefoil under spring crops, especially oat, a vetch-oat mixture and wheat for higher yield of green fodder.
  • Authors:
    • Ushakova, E. Yu
    • Markova, V. E.
  • Source: Kormoproizvodstvo
  • Issue: 7
  • Year: 2008
  • Summary: Investigations were conducted during 1990-2007 on dark grey forest heavy loamy soils with intermediate content of nutrients using the standard technology of haylage mixture production, i.e. without the use of mineral fertilizers. The results showed that 12 variants of fodder crop mixtures were suitable for haylage production. Data are tabulated on energy indicators of mixtures of annual crops, i.e. oat + spring rape and spring vetch, oat + barley + pea, oat + field pea, barley + field pea, Sudan grass + oilseed radish, Sudan grass + spring vetch, Sudan grass + oat + pea, Sudan grass + field pea, Sudan grass + oat + soyabean, Sudan grass + barley + soyabean, Sudan grass + soyabean and Sudan grass + fodder bean. Data are included on energy value, energy consumption, green fodder yield and digestible protein content in crop mixtures. The results confirmed the possibility of development of continuous haylage production and high keeping quality of haylage made from the crop mixtures.