441. Winter crop variety sowing guide 2001.

• Authors:
  • McRae, F. J.
• Source: Winter crop variety sowing guide 2001
• Year: 2001
• Summary: This guide contains information that aims to assist farmers in New South Wales, Australia, to make better cropping decisions and higher profits as well as increased productivity from the resources invested, along with total sustainability of the farm. Variety guides are given for the following winter crops: wheat (including durum wheat), barley, oats, triticale, cereal rye, grazing cereals, canola [rape], chickpea, faba bean, field pea and lupin. An evaluation of varietal characteristics, reactions to diseases, crop injury and profitable marketing of these winter crops is discussed. Weed control is detailed for some crops. Industry information on wheat receival sites and the different wheat authorities is presented. Options for the control of insect pests of stored grain, the location of various district agronomists, and a list of cereal seed dressings for the control of seed-borne diseases are provided. Hints on volumetric grain weights, typical bulk densities and the angles of repose of some grains is mentioned.

442. Weed control in winter crops 2001.

• Authors:
  • Tonkin, C. J.
  • Dellow, J. J.
  • Mullen, C. L.
• Source: Weed control in winter crops 2001
• Year: 2001
• Summary: This handbook is a guide to chemical weed control in fallows, wheat, barley, oats, rye, triticale, canola [rape], safflower, lentil, linseed, lupin, chickpea, faba bean and field pea. Information are also presented on the optimum rate, timing and method of herbicide application, use of adjuvants, surfactants and oils, and herbicide resistance.

443. Winter crop variety experiments 2000.

• Authors:
  • Powell, C.
• Source: New South Wales Department of Agriculture
• Year: 2001
• Summary: Variety trials conducted in New South Wales, Australia in 2000 are reported for winter crops of barley, canola [rape], chickpeas, faba beans, field peas, lentils, lupins ( Lupinus albus and L. angustifolius), mixed cereals, oats, triticale and wheat.

444. Farm Budget Handbook, Northern NSW - Winter Crops 2001.

• Authors:
  • Scott, F.
• Source: Farm Budget Handbook, Northern NSW - Winter Crops 2001
• Year: 2001
• Summary: This handbook presents gross margin budgets for annual winter crops and pasture establishment to assist landholders in northern New South Wales, Australia, plan for the 2001 winter cropping season.

445. Effects of peanut cropping practices and canopy cover conditions on runoff and sediment yield

• Authors:
  • Williams, R. G.
  • Truman, C. C.
• Source: Journal of Soil and Water Conservation Society
• Volume: 56
• Issue: 2
• Year: 2001
• Summary: Runoff and sediment yields were measured from eight field plots (40 m(2)) over a three year period to determine the effect of peanut cropping practices and canopy cover conditions on runoff and sediment loss. Plots were located on a Tifton loamy sand, and were exposed to four 30 min simulated rainfall sequences (I = 63.5 mm h(-1)) four to eight times per growing season. Runoff and sediment losses were measured from four soil cover conditions: continuous fallow, bare bedded, single row peanuts (Arachis hypogea L), and twin row peanuts (2 to 4 peanut rows per 2 m wide bed). percent cover (PC) and leaf area index (LAI) increased to a maximum then leveled off as plants matured or were harvested. PC for single and twin row peanuts was related to days since planting (DSP) (r - 0.96 for single row peanuts and r = 0.98 for twin row peanuts). LAI values for single and twin row peanuts were related to PC (r = 0.98 for single row peanuts and r = 0.94 for twin row peanuts). Single and twin row peanut plots had as much as eight times less runoff and as much as 63 times less sediment loss than continuous fallow or bare bedded plots. Twin row peanut plots had as much as three times less runoff and sediment loss than single row peanut plots. Sequence-based erodibility values calculated from continuous fallow plots (K-FC) and bare bedded plots (K-BB) ranged from 4-24 (3 yr mean = 11.3, s.d. = 5.3) and 2-36 kg ha h MJ(-1) ha(-1) mm(-1) (3 yr mean = 12.9, s.d. = 11.6), respectively. Soil loss ratios (SLR) ranged from 0.001-2.61. SLRs decrease to a low for cropstage 3 when percent canopy cover was greatest (DSP = 81-107), then increased as peanut plants mature or were harvested. Results show how management practices, such as twin row peanuts, can maximize peanut canopy development early in the growing season and minimize the time in which bare soil is vulnerable to a runoff producing rainstorm, thus reducing runoff and soil loss and conserving valuable natural resources.

446. A plant community method of controlling the level of weeds in young crops and soils with the use of rape as an intermediate crop (using an example of the forest steppe zone of Chelyabinskaya Oblast').

• Authors:
  • Zybalov, V.
• Source: Mezhdunarodnyi Sel'skokhozyaistvennyi Zhurnal
• Issue: 5
• Year: 2001
• Summary: Field trials were carried out at 2 sites in Russia to assess the effectiveness of rape as a weed-removing crop in different rotations. Rotations were fallow-wheat-barley-maize-wheat, and vetch-oat mixture and rape-wheat-barley-maize-wheat, with a control involving pure fallow. The degree of weediness (number of weeds/m 2) and species composition of weeds in young crops of wheat and barley was assessed twice (at tillering stage and before harvest). Before harvesting, weed mass was also assessed and the numbers of weed seeds in soil samples were determined. The substitution of rape crops for fallow in rotations resulted in significant reductions in weed numbers and weed seeds in soil. It is concluded that rape is effective in reducing levels of weeds in young crops and soils, even when minimal or no soil preparation is carried out.

447. Farm Budget Handbook, Southern NSW - Irrigated Winter Crops 2001.

• Authors:
  • Faour, K.
• Source: Farm Budget Handbook, Southern NSW - Irrigated Winter Crops 2001
• Year: 2001
• Summary: This handbook presents gross margin budgets for irrigated winter crops and pasture establishment to assist landholders in the Murrumbidgee and Murray valleys (southern New South Wales, Australia) plan for the 2001 winter cropping season.

448. Pocket guide to varieties of cereals, oilseeds and pulses for Spring 2002.

• Authors:
  • UK, National Institute of Agricultural Botany
• Source: Pocket guide to varieties of cereals, oilseeds and pulses for Spring 2002
• Year: 2001
• Summary: This edition presents information on the spring sown varieties of wheat, barley, oats, oilseed rape, peas and beans. Individual information on each variety is given, including variety notes, yield performance, relative ranking position in different environments and a summary of the important character ratings from the Recommended Lists. General information is also given on minor spring sown oil crops.

449. Zone-subsoiling relationships to bulk density and cone index on a furrow-irrigated soil.

• Authors:
  • Sojka, R. E.
  • Bjorneberg, D. L.
  • Aase, J. K.
• Source: Transactions of the ASAE
• Volume: 44
• Issue: 3
• Year: 2001
• Summary: Zone subsoiling on irrigated land has been successfully used to improve potato ( Solanum tuberosum) yield and quality. Zone subsoiling under furrow irrigation may disrupt water flow and influence infiltration and soil erosion. We hypothesized that zone subsoiling, done appropriately, will maintain integrity of irrigation furrows, improve small grain (barley) and dry bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris) growth and yield, and not adversely affect water flow, infiltration, or erosion on furrow-irrigated soils. The experiment, which started in 1995, was conducted at the USDA-ARS Northwest Irrigation and Soils Research Laboratory in Kimberly, Idaho, USA. The soil is a Portneuf silt loam (coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcids). Tillage treatments were disc, disc+paratill, paratill, and no-till. There were no differences in water infiltration, runoff, or soil erosion among treatments. Bulk density differences among treatments were largest at the 0.15 to 0.20-m depth, and bulk density was ~16 to 18% greater on disc and no-till treatments than on paratill treatments. The highest frequency of low cone index (CI) values belonged to paratill treatments (65 to 80% frequency of CI values less than 2 MPa); the lowest frequency of low CI values belonged to no-till treatment (20% frequency less than 2 MPa). Cone index versus bulk density relationships depended on soil water content with a slope of 5.81 (r 2=0.70) in the wetter year of 1997, and 2.90 in the drier year of 1995 (r 2=0.60). Subsoiling can be accomplished on furrow-irrigated lands with no adverse effects on runoff, infiltration, and erosion, but under our conditions did not improve crop growth and yield.

450. Increasing the effectiveness of nitrogen fertilizers in the central taiga subzone of the Komi Republic.

• Authors:
  • Beznosikov, V. A.
• Source: Agrokhimiya
• Issue: 5
• Year: 2001
• Summary: Studies have been made since 1985 on ways of improving the effectiveness of N fertilizers on non-gleyed and weakly gleyed podzolic soils, either undrained or with tile drains, in the Komi Republic (NE part of the Russian continental plateau). On this basis recommendations are made on land improvement by drainage, and on the optimum doses, application times and ways of covering the N fertilizers. These measures will improve crop productivity for annual ryegrass, potatoes, and mixtures (peas/oats, ryegrass/peas, ryegrass/barley, ryegrass/rape).