• Authors:
    • Kasha, K. J.
    • Maluszynski, M.
    • Forster, B. P.
    • Szarejko, I.
  • Source: Doubled haploid production in crop plants: a manual
  • Year: 2003
  • Summary: This manual presents a set of protocols for the production of doubled haploid plants in 22 major crops species including 4 tree species, and includes protocols from different germplasm of the same species. The crops covered include barley, wheat, maize, rice, triticale, rye, oats, durum wheat, timothy grass ( Phleum pratense), ryegrass ( Lolium), rape, broccoli, tobacco, potato, flax/linseed, sugarbeet, asparagus, onion, apple, poplar, cork oak ( Quercus suber), and citrus. All steps of doubled haploid production are detailed from donor plant growth conditions, through in vitro procedures, media composition and preparation, to regeneration of haploid plants and chromosome doubling methods. The practical protocols are supplemented with a list of published protocols for other crop plants, and separate chapters deal with major application of doubled haploids in breeding, mutant production, transgenesis, genetic mapping and genomics.
  • Authors:
    • McCaffery, D. W.
    • McRae, F. J.
    • Carpenter, D. J.
  • Year: 2003
  • Summary: This guide should assist in the selection of the most suitable variety for cultivation and aims to assist growers to make better cropping decisions. Information on variety selection, varietal characteristics and reaction to disease, crop injury guide and marketing are supplied for wheat, durum wheat, barley, oats, triticale, cereal rye, rape, chickpeas, faba beans, field pea ( Pisum sativum) and lupins. Additional material includes information on options for control of stored products pests, cereal seed dressings, industry information, and locations of district agronomists.
  • Authors:
    • Dellow, J. J.
    • Francis, R. J.
    • Mullen, C. L.
    • McRae, F. J.
  • Source: Weed control in winter crops 2003
  • Year: 2003
  • Summary: This publication, intended for use by New South Wales Agriculture (New South Wales, Australia), presents some guidelines on chemical weed control in fallows, wheat, barley, oats, rye, triticale, rape, safflower, lentil, linseed, lupin, chickpea, faba bean and field pea. Tabulated data on herbicides, along with application rates suggested for particular weed species, are included.
  • Authors:
    • Jayas, D. S.
    • Visen, N. S.
    • Paliwal, J.
    • White, N. D. G.
  • Source: Biosystems Engineering
  • Volume: 85
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2003
  • Summary: Algorithms were written to extract a total of 230 features (51 morphological, 123 colour, and 56 textural) from the high-resolution images of kernels of five grain types [barley, Canada Western Amber Durum (CWAD) wheat, Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat, oats, and rye] and five broad categories of dockage constituents [broken wheat kernels, chaff, buckwheat, wheat spikelets (one to three wheat kernels inside husk), and canola (rapeseed with low erucic acid content in the oil and low glucosinolate content in the meal)]. Different feature models, viz. morphological, colour, texture, and a combination of the three, were tested for their classification performances using a neural network classifier. Kernels and dockage particles with well-defined characteristics (e.g. CWRS wheat, buckwheat, and canola) showed near-perfect classification whereas particles with irregular and undefined features (e.g. chaff and wheat spikelets) were classified with accuracies of around 90%. The similarities in shape and size of some of the particles of chaff and wheat spikelets with the kernels of barley and oats affected the classification accuracies of the latter, adversely. (C) 2003 Silsoe Research Institute. All rights reserved. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
  • Authors:
    • Allen, S. E.
    • Desmarchelier, J. M.
    • Ren, Y. L.
    • Weller, G. L.
  • Source: Technical report (CSIRO (Australia). Division of Entomology), no. 93.
  • Issue: 93
  • Year: 2003
  • Summary: The efficacy of ethyl formate (EF) against insect pests on barley, oat and rape grains was evaluated. EF at 90 g/t was applied as a solution of ethyl formate in water (4%, w/w) and sprayed onto rape and oat grains during inloading. For barley, EF solution was sprayed into the inloading chute. Intergranular concentrations of EF declined rapidly after fumigation. Residue levels in commodities declined to the control (untreated) level within 4 weeks at grain temperatures of approximately 20C without forced aeration. Air samples were taken at head height at various distances downwind from the base of the silos during fumigation and outloading. The levels of EF measured were
  • Authors:
    • Ostergard, H.
    • Pedersen, S.
    • Kjellsson, G.
    • Holm, P. B.
    • Gylling, M.
    • Buus, M.
    • Boelt, B.
    • Andersen, S. B.
    • Tolstrup, K.
    • Mikkelsen, S. A.
  • Source: DIAS Report, Plant Production
  • Issue: 94
  • Year: 2003
  • Summary: The paper focuses on the possible sources of dispersal (cross pollination, seed dispersal, vegetative dispersal, dispersal by farming machinery, dispersal during handling and transport) from genetically modified crop production to conventional and organic production, the extent of dispersal and the need for control measures, and the possible control measures for ensuring the co-existence of genetically modified production with conventional and organic production systems. Specific sections are provided on the crops currently genetically modified in Denmark or likely to be within the next few years (oilseed rape, maize, beet, potatoes, barley, wheat, triticale, oats, rye, forage and amenity grasses, grassland legumes, field peas, faba beans and lupins, and vegetable seeds). Brief discussions on the legislation, seed production, monitoring and analytical methods used, and measures to ensure crop purity (such as reducing pollen dispersal, reducing seed dispersal, adopting cultural methods reducing pollen and seed dispersal) are also presented.
  • Authors:
    • Soon, Y. K.
    • O'Donovan, J. T.
    • Drabble, J. C.
    • Darwent, A. L.
    • Milis, P. F.
    • Clayton, G. W.
    • Rice, W. A.
  • Source: Canadian Journal of Plant Science
  • Volume: 83
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2003
  • Summary: A study was conducted on the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Farm, Beaverlodge, Alberta, to compare nine cropping systems in relation to productivity and wild oat (Avena fatua L.) control. The nine cropping systems consisted of three crop rotations and three levels of banded N fertilizer. Each cropping system had its own regime of tillage and weed control. One of the rotations consisted of mechanical fallow, along with canola (Brassica rapa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Trificum aestivum L.), while the other two rotations consisted of the same annual crops, but with either flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) or red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) plowdown with partial fallow substituted for mechanical fallow. The three rates of banded N fertilizer were 0, 75 and 150% of recommended, based on soil tests and provincial recommendations. From 1991 to 1994, cropping systems with mechanical fallow and fall tillage after annual crops produced 24% higher total seed yields than cropping systems with no fall tillage after annual crops and either continuous annual crops or red clover plowdown. Increasing the rate of banded N fertilizer from 0 to 75% of recommended increased total crop seed yields but a further increase from 75 to 150% had no significant effect. Although cropping systems with mechanical fallow had an advantage over other cropping systems, the effect of crop sequencing and yearly weather conditions on total crop seed yields was greater than the effect of cropping systems. Wild oat populations varied greatly with year, but the ease of management was greater in cropping systems with the mechanical fallow than in other cropping systems. Wild oat density increased when diclofop or difenzoquat performed inadequately or when poor red clover establishment allowed populations to increase. Reductions in wild oat populations appeared to be largely due to the consistent effectiveness of sethoxydim.
  • Authors:
    • Beghin, J. C.
    • Fang, C.
  • Source: Agricultural trade and policy in China: issues, analysis and implications
  • Year: 2003
  • Summary: This chapter assesses the protection and comparative advantage of China's major agricultural crops in six regions, using a modified Policy Analysis Matrix and 1997-2000 data. The following commodities are considered: early indica rice, late indica rice, japonica rice, wheat, maize, sorghum, soyabean, rapeseed, cotton, tobacco, sugarcane, and a subset of fruits and vegetables. The results suggest that, with the exception of high quality rice, the production of grains and oilseeds tends to suffer from a lack of comparative advantage over other crops in China, such as fruit and vegetables, tobacco and cotton. Further, it is concluded that grain self-sufficiency policies reduce allocative efficiency several-fold.
  • Authors:
    • Sabirov, A. M.
    • Gareev, R. G.
  • Source: Kormoproizvodstvo
  • Issue: 1
  • Year: 2003
  • Summary: In studies in the Kazan' region of Russia in 1995-99, the optimal rate of sowing barley as a cover crop for spring rape was found to be 2.5 million germinated seeds/ha (50% sowing rate), while for oats the sowing rate ranged between 50 and 75%. At these rates, the germination of spring rape was no less than 86%, with survival no less than 68%.
  • Authors:
    • Sukhochev, V. N.
    • Gurin, A. G.
  • Source: Sadovodstvo i Vinogradarstvo
  • Issue: 2
  • Year: 2003
  • Summary: In research during 1997-2000 at the All-Russian Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding in Orel province, Russia, the use of field crops sown between strawberry rows was investigated as a means of suppressing weed growth. Oats, barley, rape and mustard were sown between rows of strawberry cv. Red Gauntlet; the sowing date was manipulated so that the field crops would be cut down after strawberry harvest but before they could set seed. In terms of the number of plants of the major weed species present at the end of vegetative growth, there were 122 plants per linear m in the untreated control, but only 37 in the barley, 48 in the oats, 53 in the mustard and 60 in the rape treatments. The cereals were better at suppressing weeds because they were sown earlier than the crucifers. In terms of annual strawberry fruit yield, the average for the 4 years of the trial was 8.07 t/ha in the control but higher with the weed suppressing crops: 8.18, 8.49, 8.62 and 8.66 for the rape, mustard, oats and barley treatments, respectively.